A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals
Progress in high-energy physics has been closely tied to the development of high-performance electromagnetic calorimeters. Recent experiments have demonstrated the possibility to significantly accelerate the development of electromagnetic showers inside scintillating crystals typically used in homog...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1254020/full |
| _version_ | 1827777032883273728 |
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| author | L. Bandiera V. G. Baryshevsky N. Canale S. Carsi S. Carsi S. Cutini F. Davì F. Davì D. De Salvador D. De Salvador A. Gianoli V. Guidi V. Guidi V. Haurylavets M. Korjik A. S. Lobko L. Malagutti A. Mazzolari A. Mazzolari L. Montalto P. Monti Guarnieri P. Monti Guarnieri M. Moulson R. Negrello R. Negrello G. Paternò M. Presti M. Presti D. Rinaldi D. Rinaldi M. Romagnoni A. Selmi A. Selmi F. Sgarbossa F. Sgarbossa M. Soldani M. Soldani A. Sytov V. V. Tikhomirov E. Vallazza |
| author_facet | L. Bandiera V. G. Baryshevsky N. Canale S. Carsi S. Carsi S. Cutini F. Davì F. Davì D. De Salvador D. De Salvador A. Gianoli V. Guidi V. Guidi V. Haurylavets M. Korjik A. S. Lobko L. Malagutti A. Mazzolari A. Mazzolari L. Montalto P. Monti Guarnieri P. Monti Guarnieri M. Moulson R. Negrello R. Negrello G. Paternò M. Presti M. Presti D. Rinaldi D. Rinaldi M. Romagnoni A. Selmi A. Selmi F. Sgarbossa F. Sgarbossa M. Soldani M. Soldani A. Sytov V. V. Tikhomirov E. Vallazza |
| author_sort | L. Bandiera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Progress in high-energy physics has been closely tied to the development of high-performance electromagnetic calorimeters. Recent experiments have demonstrated the possibility to significantly accelerate the development of electromagnetic showers inside scintillating crystals typically used in homogeneous calorimeters based on scintillating crystals when the incident beam is aligned with a crystallographic axis to within a few mrad. In particular, a reduction of the radiation length has been measured when ultrarelativistic electron and photon beams were incident on a high-Z scintillator crystal along one of its main axes. Here, we propose the possibility to exploit this physical effect for the design of a new type of compact e.m. calorimeter, based on oriented ultra-fast lead tungstate (PWO-UF) crystals, with a significant reduction in the depth needed to contain electromagnetic showers produced by high-energy particles with respect to the state-of-the-art. We report results from tests of the crystallographic quality of PWO-UF samples via high-resolution X-ray diffraction and photoelastic analysis. We then describe a proof-of-concept calorimeter geometry defined with a Geant4 model including the shower development in oriented crystals. Finally, we discuss the experimental techniques needed for the realization of a matrix of scintillator crystals oriented along a specific crystallographic direction. Since the angular acceptance for e.m. shower acceleration depends little on the particle energy, while the decrease of the shower length remains pronounced at very high energy, an oriented crystal calorimeter will open the way for applications at the maximum energies achievable in current and future experiments. Such applications span from forward calorimeters, to compact beam dumps for the search for light dark matter, to source-pointing space-borne γ-ray telescopes, to decrease the size and the cost of the calorimeter needed to fully contain e.m. showers initiated by GeV to TeV particles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:12:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3e43ebdffcc434bbe98b27621e50b35 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-424X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:12:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3e43ebdffcc434bbe98b27621e50b352023-11-01T17:30:34ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2023-11-011110.3389/fphy.2023.12540201254020A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystalsL. Bandiera0V. G. Baryshevsky1N. Canale2S. Carsi3S. Carsi4S. Cutini5F. Davì6F. Davì7D. De Salvador8D. De Salvador9A. Gianoli10V. Guidi11V. Guidi12V. Haurylavets13M. Korjik14A. S. Lobko15L. Malagutti16A. Mazzolari17A. Mazzolari18L. Montalto19P. Monti Guarnieri20P. Monti Guarnieri21M. Moulson22R. Negrello23R. Negrello24G. Paternò25M. Presti26M. Presti27D. Rinaldi28D. Rinaldi29M. Romagnoni30A. Selmi31A. Selmi32F. Sgarbossa33F. Sgarbossa34M. Soldani35M. Soldani36A. Sytov37V. V. Tikhomirov38E. Vallazza39Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyInstitute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, BelarusIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università Degli Studi Dell’Insubria, Como, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia, Perugia, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyDipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Edile e Architettura, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro, Legnaro, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padua, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze Della Terra, Università Degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyInstitute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, BelarusInstitute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, BelarusInstitute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, BelarusIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze Della Terra, Università Degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy0Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria Della Materia, dell’Ambiente ed Urbanistica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università Degli Studi Dell’Insubria, Como, Italy1Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze Della Terra, Università Degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università Degli Studi Dell’Insubria, Como, Italy1Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy0Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria Della Materia, dell’Ambiente ed Urbanistica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milan, ItalyDipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, Università Degli Studi Dell’Insubria, Como, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università Degli Studi di Padova, Padua, Italy0Dipartimento di Scienze e Ingegneria Della Materia, dell’Ambiente ed Urbanistica, Università Politecnica Delle Marche, Ancona, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Scienze Della Terra, Università Degli Studi di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Ferrara, ItalyInstitute for Nuclear Problems, Belarusian State University, Minsk, BelarusIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano Bicocca, Milan, ItalyProgress in high-energy physics has been closely tied to the development of high-performance electromagnetic calorimeters. Recent experiments have demonstrated the possibility to significantly accelerate the development of electromagnetic showers inside scintillating crystals typically used in homogeneous calorimeters based on scintillating crystals when the incident beam is aligned with a crystallographic axis to within a few mrad. In particular, a reduction of the radiation length has been measured when ultrarelativistic electron and photon beams were incident on a high-Z scintillator crystal along one of its main axes. Here, we propose the possibility to exploit this physical effect for the design of a new type of compact e.m. calorimeter, based on oriented ultra-fast lead tungstate (PWO-UF) crystals, with a significant reduction in the depth needed to contain electromagnetic showers produced by high-energy particles with respect to the state-of-the-art. We report results from tests of the crystallographic quality of PWO-UF samples via high-resolution X-ray diffraction and photoelastic analysis. We then describe a proof-of-concept calorimeter geometry defined with a Geant4 model including the shower development in oriented crystals. Finally, we discuss the experimental techniques needed for the realization of a matrix of scintillator crystals oriented along a specific crystallographic direction. Since the angular acceptance for e.m. shower acceleration depends little on the particle energy, while the decrease of the shower length remains pronounced at very high energy, an oriented crystal calorimeter will open the way for applications at the maximum energies achievable in current and future experiments. Such applications span from forward calorimeters, to compact beam dumps for the search for light dark matter, to source-pointing space-borne γ-ray telescopes, to decrease the size and the cost of the calorimeter needed to fully contain e.m. showers initiated by GeV to TeV particles.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1254020/fullchannelingcrystalselectromagnetic calorimeterinorganic scintillatorstrong field |
| spellingShingle | L. Bandiera V. G. Baryshevsky N. Canale S. Carsi S. Carsi S. Cutini F. Davì F. Davì D. De Salvador D. De Salvador A. Gianoli V. Guidi V. Guidi V. Haurylavets M. Korjik A. S. Lobko L. Malagutti A. Mazzolari A. Mazzolari L. Montalto P. Monti Guarnieri P. Monti Guarnieri M. Moulson R. Negrello R. Negrello G. Paternò M. Presti M. Presti D. Rinaldi D. Rinaldi M. Romagnoni A. Selmi A. Selmi F. Sgarbossa F. Sgarbossa M. Soldani M. Soldani A. Sytov V. V. Tikhomirov E. Vallazza A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals Frontiers in Physics channeling crystals electromagnetic calorimeter inorganic scintillator strong field |
| title | A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals |
| title_full | A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals |
| title_fullStr | A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals |
| title_full_unstemmed | A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals |
| title_short | A highly-compact and ultra-fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals |
| title_sort | highly compact and ultra fast homogeneous electromagnetic calorimeter based on oriented lead tungstate crystals |
| topic | channeling crystals electromagnetic calorimeter inorganic scintillator strong field |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2023.1254020/full |
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