Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles
Hop cones are well-known for their antimicrobial properties, attributed to their specialized metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of different hop parts, including by-products such as leaves and stems, and some metabolites against <i>Venturia inaequ...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1605 |
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| author | Sophie Moureu Justine Jacquin Jennifer Samaillie Caroline Deweer Céline Rivière Jérôme Muchembled |
| author_facet | Sophie Moureu Justine Jacquin Jennifer Samaillie Caroline Deweer Céline Rivière Jérôme Muchembled |
| author_sort | Sophie Moureu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hop cones are well-known for their antimicrobial properties, attributed to their specialized metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of different hop parts, including by-products such as leaves and stems, and some metabolites against <i>Venturia inaequalis</i>, the causal agent of apple scab. For each plant part, two types of extracts, a crude hydro-ethanolic extract and a dichloromethane sub-extract, were tested on spore germination of two strains with different sensitivities to triazole fungicides. Both extracts of cones, leaves and stems were able to inhibit the two strains, whereas rhizomes did not show activity. The apolar sub-extract of leaves appeared as the most active modality tested with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 5 and 10.5 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> on the sensitive strain and the strain with reduced sensitivity, respectively. Differences in activity level between strains were noticed for all active modalities tested. Sub-extracts of leaves were then separated into seven fractions by preparative HPLC and tested on <i>V. inaequalis</i>. One fraction, containing xanthohumol, was especially active on both strains. This prenylated chalcone was then purified by preparative HPLC and showed significant activity against both strains, with IC<sub>50</sub> of 1.6 and 5.1 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>. Therefore, xanthohumol seems to be a promising compound to control <i>V. inaequalis</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3e828ca245349eeae88aca6f1471f7d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:08:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3e828ca245349eeae88aca6f1471f7d2023-11-18T11:44:11ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-06-01116160510.3390/microorganisms11061605Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> with Different Sensitivities to TriazolesSophie Moureu0Justine Jacquin1Jennifer Samaillie2Caroline Deweer3Céline Rivière4Jérôme Muchembled5Joint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, INRAE, University of Lille, JUNIA, University of Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, ULCO, 59000 Lille, FranceJoint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, INRAE, University of Lille, JUNIA, University of Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, ULCO, 59000 Lille, FranceJoint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, INRAE, University of Lille, JUNIA, University of Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, ULCO, 59000 Lille, FranceJoint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, INRAE, University of Lille, JUNIA, University of Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, ULCO, 59000 Lille, FranceJoint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, INRAE, University of Lille, JUNIA, University of Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, ULCO, 59000 Lille, FranceJoint Research Unit 1158 BioEcoAgro, INRAE, University of Lille, JUNIA, University of Liège, UPJV, University of Artois, ULCO, 59000 Lille, FranceHop cones are well-known for their antimicrobial properties, attributed to their specialized metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of different hop parts, including by-products such as leaves and stems, and some metabolites against <i>Venturia inaequalis</i>, the causal agent of apple scab. For each plant part, two types of extracts, a crude hydro-ethanolic extract and a dichloromethane sub-extract, were tested on spore germination of two strains with different sensitivities to triazole fungicides. Both extracts of cones, leaves and stems were able to inhibit the two strains, whereas rhizomes did not show activity. The apolar sub-extract of leaves appeared as the most active modality tested with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) of 5 and 10.5 mg·L<sup>−1</sup> on the sensitive strain and the strain with reduced sensitivity, respectively. Differences in activity level between strains were noticed for all active modalities tested. Sub-extracts of leaves were then separated into seven fractions by preparative HPLC and tested on <i>V. inaequalis</i>. One fraction, containing xanthohumol, was especially active on both strains. This prenylated chalcone was then purified by preparative HPLC and showed significant activity against both strains, with IC<sub>50</sub> of 1.6 and 5.1 mg·L<sup>−1</sup>. Therefore, xanthohumol seems to be a promising compound to control <i>V. inaequalis</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1605<i>Venturia inaequalis</i>triazole sensitivity<i>Humulus lupulus</i> L.antifungal activitybioguided fractionationxanthohumol |
| spellingShingle | Sophie Moureu Justine Jacquin Jennifer Samaillie Caroline Deweer Céline Rivière Jérôme Muchembled Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles Microorganisms <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> triazole sensitivity <i>Humulus lupulus</i> L. antifungal activity bioguided fractionation xanthohumol |
| title | Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles |
| title_full | Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles |
| title_fullStr | Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles |
| title_short | Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles |
| title_sort | antifungal activity of hop leaf extracts and xanthohumol on two strains of i venturia inaequalis i with different sensitivities to triazoles |
| topic | <i>Venturia inaequalis</i> triazole sensitivity <i>Humulus lupulus</i> L. antifungal activity bioguided fractionation xanthohumol |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/6/1605 |
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