Cybersickness and Its Severity Arising from Virtual Reality Content: A Comprehensive Study
Virtual reality (VR) experiences often elicit a negative effect, cybersickness, which results in nausea, disorientation, and visual discomfort. To quantitatively analyze the degree of cybersickness depending on various attributes of VR content (i.e., camera movement, field of view, path length, fram...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1314 |
| _version_ | 1797476782527479808 |
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| author | Heeseok Oh Wookho Son |
| author_facet | Heeseok Oh Wookho Son |
| author_sort | Heeseok Oh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Virtual reality (VR) experiences often elicit a negative effect, cybersickness, which results in nausea, disorientation, and visual discomfort. To quantitatively analyze the degree of cybersickness depending on various attributes of VR content (i.e., camera movement, field of view, path length, frame reference, and controllability), we generated cybersickness reference (CYRE) content with 52 VR scenes that represent different content attributes. A protocol for cybersickness evaluation was designed to collect subjective opinions from 154 participants as reliably as possible in conjunction with objective data such as rendered VR scenes and biological signals. By investigating the data obtained through the experiment, the statistically significant relationships—the degree that the cybersickness varies with each isolated content factor—are separately identified. We showed that the cybersickness severity was highly correlated with six biological features reflecting brain activities (i.e., relative power spectral densities of Fp1 delta, Fp 1 beta, Fp2 delta, Fp2 gamma, T4 delta, and T4 beta waves) with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.9. Moreover, our experimental results show that individual characteristics (age and susceptibility) are also quantitatively associated with cybersickness level. Notably, the constructed dataset contains a number of labels (i.e., subjective cybersickness scores) that correspond to each VR scene. We used these labels to build cybersickness prediction models and obtain a reliable predictive performance. Hence, the proposed dataset is supposed to be widely applicable in general-purpose scenarios regarding cybersickness quantification. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:07:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3f0791e179e499aa8c86d9f6102a39d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:07:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3f0791e179e499aa8c86d9f6102a39d2023-11-23T21:57:36ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-02-01224131410.3390/s22041314Cybersickness and Its Severity Arising from Virtual Reality Content: A Comprehensive StudyHeeseok Oh0Wookho Son1Department of Applied AI, Hansung University, Seoul 02876, KoreaSW&Content Research Lab., ETRI, Daejeon 34129, KoreaVirtual reality (VR) experiences often elicit a negative effect, cybersickness, which results in nausea, disorientation, and visual discomfort. To quantitatively analyze the degree of cybersickness depending on various attributes of VR content (i.e., camera movement, field of view, path length, frame reference, and controllability), we generated cybersickness reference (CYRE) content with 52 VR scenes that represent different content attributes. A protocol for cybersickness evaluation was designed to collect subjective opinions from 154 participants as reliably as possible in conjunction with objective data such as rendered VR scenes and biological signals. By investigating the data obtained through the experiment, the statistically significant relationships—the degree that the cybersickness varies with each isolated content factor—are separately identified. We showed that the cybersickness severity was highly correlated with six biological features reflecting brain activities (i.e., relative power spectral densities of Fp1 delta, Fp 1 beta, Fp2 delta, Fp2 gamma, T4 delta, and T4 beta waves) with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.9. Moreover, our experimental results show that individual characteristics (age and susceptibility) are also quantitatively associated with cybersickness level. Notably, the constructed dataset contains a number of labels (i.e., subjective cybersickness scores) that correspond to each VR scene. We used these labels to build cybersickness prediction models and obtain a reliable predictive performance. Hence, the proposed dataset is supposed to be widely applicable in general-purpose scenarios regarding cybersickness quantification.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1314virtual reality (VR)VR human factorcybersickness analysisVR cybersickness dataset |
| spellingShingle | Heeseok Oh Wookho Son Cybersickness and Its Severity Arising from Virtual Reality Content: A Comprehensive Study Sensors virtual reality (VR) VR human factor cybersickness analysis VR cybersickness dataset |
| title | Cybersickness and Its Severity Arising from Virtual Reality Content: A Comprehensive Study |
| title_full | Cybersickness and Its Severity Arising from Virtual Reality Content: A Comprehensive Study |
| title_fullStr | Cybersickness and Its Severity Arising from Virtual Reality Content: A Comprehensive Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cybersickness and Its Severity Arising from Virtual Reality Content: A Comprehensive Study |
| title_short | Cybersickness and Its Severity Arising from Virtual Reality Content: A Comprehensive Study |
| title_sort | cybersickness and its severity arising from virtual reality content a comprehensive study |
| topic | virtual reality (VR) VR human factor cybersickness analysis VR cybersickness dataset |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/4/1314 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT heeseokoh cybersicknessanditsseverityarisingfromvirtualrealitycontentacomprehensivestudy AT wookhoson cybersicknessanditsseverityarisingfromvirtualrealitycontentacomprehensivestudy |