Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review
Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely studied in various applications, including organic pollutant remediation in aqueous systems. The popularity of these materials is based on their high photocatalytic activity, strong...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Catalysts |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/12/1543 |
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| author | António B. Mapossa Washington Mhike José L. Adalima Shepherd Tichapondwa |
| author_facet | António B. Mapossa Washington Mhike José L. Adalima Shepherd Tichapondwa |
| author_sort | António B. Mapossa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely studied in various applications, including organic pollutant remediation in aqueous systems. The popularity of these materials is based on their high photocatalytic activity, strong photosensitivity, and relatively low cost. However, their commercial application has been limited by their wide bandgaps, inability to absorb visible light, fast electron/hole recombination, and limited recyclability since the nanomaterial is difficult to recover. Researchers have developed several strategies to overcome these limitations. Chief amongst these is the coupling of different semi-conductor materials to produce heterojunction nanocomposite materials, which are both visible-light-active and easily recoverable. This review focuses on the advances made in the development of magnetic ferrite-based titanium oxide and zinc oxide nanocomposites. The physical and magnetic properties of the most widely used ferrite compounds are discussed. The spinel structured material had superior catalytic and magnetic performance when coupled to TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO. An assessment of the range of synthesis methods is also presented. A comprehensive review of the photocatalytic degradation of various priority organic pollutants using the ferrite-based nanocomposites revealed that degradation efficiency and magnetic recovery potential are dependent on factors such as the chemical composition of the heterojunction material, synthesis method, irradiation source, and structure of pollutant. It should be noted that very few studies have gone beyond the degradation efficiency studies. Very little information is available on the extent of mineralization and the subsequent formation of intermediate compounds when these composite catalysts are used. Additionally, potential degradation mechanisms have not been adequately reported. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:26:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3fb85a6142b4fb4baadfc67d8044cc0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4344 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:26:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Catalysts |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3fb85a6142b4fb4baadfc67d8044cc02023-11-23T07:35:10ZengMDPI AGCatalysts2073-43442021-12-011112154310.3390/catal11121543Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A ReviewAntónio B. Mapossa0Washington Mhike1José L. Adalima2Shepherd Tichapondwa3Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Applied Materials University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South AfricaDepartment of Chemical, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (Polymer Technology Division), Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0183, South AfricaDepartment of Archaeology and Anthropology, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo 257, MozambiqueDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Water Utilization and Environmental Engineering Division, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South AfricaHeterogeneous photocatalysis using titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) and zinc oxide (ZnO) has been widely studied in various applications, including organic pollutant remediation in aqueous systems. The popularity of these materials is based on their high photocatalytic activity, strong photosensitivity, and relatively low cost. However, their commercial application has been limited by their wide bandgaps, inability to absorb visible light, fast electron/hole recombination, and limited recyclability since the nanomaterial is difficult to recover. Researchers have developed several strategies to overcome these limitations. Chief amongst these is the coupling of different semi-conductor materials to produce heterojunction nanocomposite materials, which are both visible-light-active and easily recoverable. This review focuses on the advances made in the development of magnetic ferrite-based titanium oxide and zinc oxide nanocomposites. The physical and magnetic properties of the most widely used ferrite compounds are discussed. The spinel structured material had superior catalytic and magnetic performance when coupled to TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO. An assessment of the range of synthesis methods is also presented. A comprehensive review of the photocatalytic degradation of various priority organic pollutants using the ferrite-based nanocomposites revealed that degradation efficiency and magnetic recovery potential are dependent on factors such as the chemical composition of the heterojunction material, synthesis method, irradiation source, and structure of pollutant. It should be noted that very few studies have gone beyond the degradation efficiency studies. Very little information is available on the extent of mineralization and the subsequent formation of intermediate compounds when these composite catalysts are used. Additionally, potential degradation mechanisms have not been adequately reported.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/12/1543magnetic nanoparticlesferritesnanocompositesphotocatalytic activityorganic pollutantsreusability |
| spellingShingle | António B. Mapossa Washington Mhike José L. Adalima Shepherd Tichapondwa Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review Catalysts magnetic nanoparticles ferrites nanocomposites photocatalytic activity organic pollutants reusability |
| title | Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review |
| title_full | Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review |
| title_short | Removal of Organic Dyes from Water and Wastewater Using Magnetic Ferrite-Based Titanium Oxide and Zinc Oxide Nanocomposites: A Review |
| title_sort | removal of organic dyes from water and wastewater using magnetic ferrite based titanium oxide and zinc oxide nanocomposites a review |
| topic | magnetic nanoparticles ferrites nanocomposites photocatalytic activity organic pollutants reusability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/11/12/1543 |
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