Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Malignant neoplasms are currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a major public health challenge. However, recent advances in research in cancer biology and immunity have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is now used on an everyday basis in cancer...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-12-01
|
| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/24/5786 |
| _version_ | 1797381693224517632 |
|---|---|
| author | Aleksandra Basek Grzegorz K. Jakubiak Grzegorz Cieślar Agata Stanek |
| author_facet | Aleksandra Basek Grzegorz K. Jakubiak Grzegorz Cieślar Agata Stanek |
| author_sort | Aleksandra Basek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Malignant neoplasms are currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a major public health challenge. However, recent advances in research in cancer biology and immunity have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is now used on an everyday basis in cancer treatment in addition to surgical treatment, classical cytostatics, and radiotherapy. The efficacy of immunotherapy has promoted the great popularity of this treatment among patients, as well as significant research interest. The increasing number of patients being treated with immunotherapy not only reassures physicians of the efficacy of this technique but also shows the wide spectrum of side effects of this therapy, which has not been considered before. Immune-related adverse events may affect many systems and organs, such as digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, skin, or endocrine organs. Most complications have a mild or moderate course, but there are life-threatening manifestations that are essential to be aware of because if they are not properly diagnosed and treated on time, they can have fatal consequences. The purpose of this paper was to present the results of a literature review on the current state of knowledge on life-threatening endocrine side effects (such as adrenal crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema crisis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and severe hypocalcaemia) of immune checkpoint inhibitors to provide information on symptoms, diagnostics, and management strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:56:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d3fbe17d5e5342ca892f680f7a8742c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:56:08Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-d3fbe17d5e5342ca892f680f7a8742c12023-12-22T13:58:52ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-12-011524578610.3390/cancers15245786Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor TherapyAleksandra Basek0Grzegorz K. Jakubiak1Grzegorz Cieślar2Agata Stanek3Student Research Group, Department and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, PolandDepartment and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, PolandDepartment and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, PolandDepartment and Clinic of Internal Medicine, Angiology, and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Batorego 15 St., 41-902 Bytom, PolandMalignant neoplasms are currently one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, posing a major public health challenge. However, recent advances in research in cancer biology and immunity have led to the development of immunotherapy, which is now used on an everyday basis in cancer treatment in addition to surgical treatment, classical cytostatics, and radiotherapy. The efficacy of immunotherapy has promoted the great popularity of this treatment among patients, as well as significant research interest. The increasing number of patients being treated with immunotherapy not only reassures physicians of the efficacy of this technique but also shows the wide spectrum of side effects of this therapy, which has not been considered before. Immune-related adverse events may affect many systems and organs, such as digestive, cardiovascular, respiratory, skin, or endocrine organs. Most complications have a mild or moderate course, but there are life-threatening manifestations that are essential to be aware of because if they are not properly diagnosed and treated on time, they can have fatal consequences. The purpose of this paper was to present the results of a literature review on the current state of knowledge on life-threatening endocrine side effects (such as adrenal crisis, thyroid storm, myxoedema crisis, diabetic ketoacidosis, and severe hypocalcaemia) of immune checkpoint inhibitors to provide information on symptoms, diagnostics, and management strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/24/5786cancer immunotherapyimmune checkpoint inhibitorimmune-related adverse eventsadrenal crisisthyroid stormdiabetic ketoacidosis |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandra Basek Grzegorz K. Jakubiak Grzegorz Cieślar Agata Stanek Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy Cancers cancer immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitor immune-related adverse events adrenal crisis thyroid storm diabetic ketoacidosis |
| title | Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy |
| title_full | Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy |
| title_fullStr | Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy |
| title_short | Life-Threatening Endocrinological Immune-Related Adverse Events of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy |
| title_sort | life threatening endocrinological immune related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy |
| topic | cancer immunotherapy immune checkpoint inhibitor immune-related adverse events adrenal crisis thyroid storm diabetic ketoacidosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/24/5786 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aleksandrabasek lifethreateningendocrinologicalimmunerelatedadverseeventsofimmunecheckpointinhibitortherapy AT grzegorzkjakubiak lifethreateningendocrinologicalimmunerelatedadverseeventsofimmunecheckpointinhibitortherapy AT grzegorzcieslar lifethreateningendocrinologicalimmunerelatedadverseeventsofimmunecheckpointinhibitortherapy AT agatastanek lifethreateningendocrinologicalimmunerelatedadverseeventsofimmunecheckpointinhibitortherapy |