Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water
Heavy metal contamination in water poses a great risk to human health as well as to the lives of other creatures. Activated carbon is a useful material to be applied for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. In this study, functionalized activated carbon (FAC) was produced by the inductio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3133 |
| _version_ | 1827675830699950080 |
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| author | Rabia Baby Mohd Zobir Hussein Zulkarnain Zainal Abdul Halim Abdullah |
| author_facet | Rabia Baby Mohd Zobir Hussein Zulkarnain Zainal Abdul Halim Abdullah |
| author_sort | Rabia Baby |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Heavy metal contamination in water poses a great risk to human health as well as to the lives of other creatures. Activated carbon is a useful material to be applied for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. In this study, functionalized activated carbon (FAC) was produced by the induction of nitro groups onto activated carbon using nitric acid. The resulting material was characterized in detail using the XRD, Raman, BET, FTIR, and FESEM techniques. The FAC was used for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water using different adsorption parameters, i.e., solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and heavy metal ion concentrations, and these parameters were systematically optimized. It was found that FAC requires 90 min for the maximum adsorption of the heavy metal ions; Cr<sup>6+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup>. The kinetic study revealed that the metal ion adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to determine the best fitting adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption capacities were also determined for each metal ion. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:12:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d40043f6a28d4f2798ff8c297386b1e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T05:12:15Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d40043f6a28d4f2798ff8c297386b1e82023-11-23T00:43:40ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-11-011111313310.3390/nano11113133Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated WaterRabia Baby0Mohd Zobir Hussein1Zulkarnain Zainal2Abdul Halim Abdullah3Material Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaMaterial Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaMaterial Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaMaterial Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaHeavy metal contamination in water poses a great risk to human health as well as to the lives of other creatures. Activated carbon is a useful material to be applied for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water. In this study, functionalized activated carbon (FAC) was produced by the induction of nitro groups onto activated carbon using nitric acid. The resulting material was characterized in detail using the XRD, Raman, BET, FTIR, and FESEM techniques. The FAC was used for the treatment of heavy metal-contaminated water using different adsorption parameters, i.e., solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage and heavy metal ion concentrations, and these parameters were systematically optimized. It was found that FAC requires 90 min for the maximum adsorption of the heavy metal ions; Cr<sup>6+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Cd<sup>2+</sup>. The kinetic study revealed that the metal ion adsorption follows the pseudo-second-order. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were applied to determine the best fitting adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption capacities were also determined for each metal ion.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3133heavy metalsactivated carbonmetal adsorptionwater contaminationand water purification |
| spellingShingle | Rabia Baby Mohd Zobir Hussein Zulkarnain Zainal Abdul Halim Abdullah Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water Nanomaterials heavy metals activated carbon metal adsorption water contamination and water purification |
| title | Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water |
| title_full | Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water |
| title_fullStr | Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water |
| title_short | Functionalized Activated Carbon Derived from Palm Kernel Shells for the Treatment of Simulated Heavy Metal-Contaminated Water |
| title_sort | functionalized activated carbon derived from palm kernel shells for the treatment of simulated heavy metal contaminated water |
| topic | heavy metals activated carbon metal adsorption water contamination and water purification |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/11/3133 |
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