Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fermented <i>Gynostemma Pentaphyllum</i> Leaves and Untargeted Metabolomic Measurement of the Metabolite Variation
To assess the effects of microbial fermentation on <i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> leaves (GPL), four probiotics were used to ferment GPL (FGPL) for 7 days. At different stages of fermentation, changes in the active components and biological activities of FGPL were determined. The finding...
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/8/1505 |
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| author | Xuechun Zhang Shi Li Zhibin Zhang Kin Weng Kong Zhenxing Wang Xiahong He |
| author_facet | Xuechun Zhang Shi Li Zhibin Zhang Kin Weng Kong Zhenxing Wang Xiahong He |
| author_sort | Xuechun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To assess the effects of microbial fermentation on <i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> leaves (GPL), four probiotics were used to ferment GPL (FGPL) for 7 days. At different stages of fermentation, changes in the active components and biological activities of FGPL were determined. The findings suggest that short-term fermentation with probiotics can enhance both the content and bioactivity of active components in GPL. However, prolonged fermentation may lead to a decline in these aspects. Among them, the best effect was observed with SWFU D16 fermentation for 2 days. This significantly improved the total phenolic and total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and inhibitory ability against α-glucosidase activity with an increase of 28%, 114.82%, 7.42%, and 31.8%, respectively. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis results also supported this trend. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed metabolite changes between GPL and FGPL and the key metabolites associated with these functional activities. These key metabolites are mainly organic acids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, and other substances. KEGG analysis demonstrated that microbial metabolism in diverse environments and carbon metabolism were the most significantly enriched pathways. Among them, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, d-glucose, gallic acid, gluconic acid, l-lactic acid, and l-malic acid were mostly involved in the microbial metabolism of diverse environmental pathways. In contrast, D-glucose, gluconic acid, and l-malic acid were mainly related to the carbon metabolism pathway. This study revealed the positive effect of probiotic fermentation on GPL and its potential metabolism mechanism, which could provide supporting data for further research. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:10:56Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d4080dfd0dd6423ab4e51bc37f1c8cce |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:10:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4080dfd0dd6423ab4e51bc37f1c8cce2023-11-19T00:00:50ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-07-01128150510.3390/antiox12081505Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fermented <i>Gynostemma Pentaphyllum</i> Leaves and Untargeted Metabolomic Measurement of the Metabolite VariationXuechun Zhang0Shi Li1Zhibin Zhang2Kin Weng Kong3Zhenxing Wang4Xiahong He5Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Subtropical Plant Resources of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, ChinaDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaTo assess the effects of microbial fermentation on <i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> leaves (GPL), four probiotics were used to ferment GPL (FGPL) for 7 days. At different stages of fermentation, changes in the active components and biological activities of FGPL were determined. The findings suggest that short-term fermentation with probiotics can enhance both the content and bioactivity of active components in GPL. However, prolonged fermentation may lead to a decline in these aspects. Among them, the best effect was observed with SWFU D16 fermentation for 2 days. This significantly improved the total phenolic and total flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and inhibitory ability against α-glucosidase activity with an increase of 28%, 114.82%, 7.42%, and 31.8%, respectively. The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis results also supported this trend. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed metabolite changes between GPL and FGPL and the key metabolites associated with these functional activities. These key metabolites are mainly organic acids, flavonoids, carbohydrates, terpenoids, and other substances. KEGG analysis demonstrated that microbial metabolism in diverse environments and carbon metabolism were the most significantly enriched pathways. Among them, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid, d-glucose, gallic acid, gluconic acid, l-lactic acid, and l-malic acid were mostly involved in the microbial metabolism of diverse environmental pathways. In contrast, D-glucose, gluconic acid, and l-malic acid were mainly related to the carbon metabolism pathway. This study revealed the positive effect of probiotic fermentation on GPL and its potential metabolism mechanism, which could provide supporting data for further research.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/8/1505<i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> leavesprobiotic fermentationantioxidant capacityα-glucosidase inhibitory activitymetabolomics |
| spellingShingle | Xuechun Zhang Shi Li Zhibin Zhang Kin Weng Kong Zhenxing Wang Xiahong He Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fermented <i>Gynostemma Pentaphyllum</i> Leaves and Untargeted Metabolomic Measurement of the Metabolite Variation Antioxidants <i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> leaves probiotic fermentation antioxidant capacity α-glucosidase inhibitory activity metabolomics |
| title | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fermented <i>Gynostemma Pentaphyllum</i> Leaves and Untargeted Metabolomic Measurement of the Metabolite Variation |
| title_full | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fermented <i>Gynostemma Pentaphyllum</i> Leaves and Untargeted Metabolomic Measurement of the Metabolite Variation |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fermented <i>Gynostemma Pentaphyllum</i> Leaves and Untargeted Metabolomic Measurement of the Metabolite Variation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fermented <i>Gynostemma Pentaphyllum</i> Leaves and Untargeted Metabolomic Measurement of the Metabolite Variation |
| title_short | Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant, and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Different Fermented <i>Gynostemma Pentaphyllum</i> Leaves and Untargeted Metabolomic Measurement of the Metabolite Variation |
| title_sort | chemical constituents antioxidant and α glucosidase inhibitory activities of different fermented i gynostemma pentaphyllum i leaves and untargeted metabolomic measurement of the metabolite variation |
| topic | <i>Gynostemma pentaphyllum</i> leaves probiotic fermentation antioxidant capacity α-glucosidase inhibitory activity metabolomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/8/1505 |
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