Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia
We investigated longitudinal changes in the spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) in hyperopic children with or without refractive accommodative esotropia (AccET). A total of 456 patients met the inclusion criteria: 190 (41.7%) in the hyperopic control group and 266 (58.3%) in the AccET group....
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/9/1547 |
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| author | Ji Eun Song Hyo Ji Han Chul Young Choi Ramin Khoramnia Hae Ran Chang So Young Han |
| author_facet | Ji Eun Song Hyo Ji Han Chul Young Choi Ramin Khoramnia Hae Ran Chang So Young Han |
| author_sort | Ji Eun Song |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We investigated longitudinal changes in the spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) in hyperopic children with or without refractive accommodative esotropia (AccET). A total of 456 patients met the inclusion criteria: 190 (41.7%) in the hyperopic control group and 266 (58.3%) in the AccET group. All patients received at least 3 years of follow-up after spectacle prescription. Subgroups were divided according to age when spectacles were prescribed, presence of amblyopia, or initial SE. Longitudinal changes in SE in children with hyperopia showed a gradual decrease, although SE of younger children with AccET increased over the first 4 years and then decreased thereafter. SE in eye with higher SE was tended to decrease significantly in patient with Acc ET than hyperopic control group (group × time <i>p</i> = 0.015). Amblyopic eyes showed a greater decreased in SE compared with non-amblyopic eyes, but it was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.07). SE was significantly decreased in children with more hyperopia (≥ 3 D) compared with children with less hyperopia (<3 D) (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Emmetropization of hyperopia was faster in hyperopic patients without AccET and could be affected by the age of the initial spectacles prescription, initial amount of SE, or presence of amblyopia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:46:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4088f9febbf46a792705c8d1487e388 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:46:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4088f9febbf46a792705c8d1487e3882023-11-22T12:38:32ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182021-08-01119154710.3390/diagnostics11091547Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative EsotropiaJi Eun Song0Hyo Ji Han1Chul Young Choi2Ramin Khoramnia3Hae Ran Chang4So Young Han5Department of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, KoreaThe David J. Apple International Laboratory for Ocular Pathology and International Vision Correction Research Centre (IVCRC), Department of Ophthalmology, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, KoreaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 03181, KoreaWe investigated longitudinal changes in the spherical equivalent refractive error (SE) in hyperopic children with or without refractive accommodative esotropia (AccET). A total of 456 patients met the inclusion criteria: 190 (41.7%) in the hyperopic control group and 266 (58.3%) in the AccET group. All patients received at least 3 years of follow-up after spectacle prescription. Subgroups were divided according to age when spectacles were prescribed, presence of amblyopia, or initial SE. Longitudinal changes in SE in children with hyperopia showed a gradual decrease, although SE of younger children with AccET increased over the first 4 years and then decreased thereafter. SE in eye with higher SE was tended to decrease significantly in patient with Acc ET than hyperopic control group (group × time <i>p</i> = 0.015). Amblyopic eyes showed a greater decreased in SE compared with non-amblyopic eyes, but it was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.07). SE was significantly decreased in children with more hyperopia (≥ 3 D) compared with children with less hyperopia (<3 D) (<i>p</i> = 0.008). Emmetropization of hyperopia was faster in hyperopic patients without AccET and could be affected by the age of the initial spectacles prescription, initial amount of SE, or presence of amblyopia.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/9/1547refractive accommodative esotropiahyperopiarefractive error |
| spellingShingle | Ji Eun Song Hyo Ji Han Chul Young Choi Ramin Khoramnia Hae Ran Chang So Young Han Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia Diagnostics refractive accommodative esotropia hyperopia refractive error |
| title | Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia |
| title_full | Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia |
| title_short | Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia |
| title_sort | comparison of longitudinal changes in refractive error of hyperopic children with or without refractive accommodative esotropia |
| topic | refractive accommodative esotropia hyperopia refractive error |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/11/9/1547 |
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