Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design Configurations
This paper deals with analytical modelling of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems for generating useful electricity from ambient vibrations and comparing the usefulness of materials commonly used in designing such harvesters for energy harvesting applications. The kinetic energy harvesters have...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-10-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6759 |
| _version_ | 1797513232933453824 |
|---|---|
| author | Zdenek Machu Ondrej Rubes Oldrich Sevecek Zdenek Hadas |
| author_facet | Zdenek Machu Ondrej Rubes Oldrich Sevecek Zdenek Hadas |
| author_sort | Zdenek Machu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper deals with analytical modelling of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems for generating useful electricity from ambient vibrations and comparing the usefulness of materials commonly used in designing such harvesters for energy harvesting applications. The kinetic energy harvesters have the potential to be used as an autonomous source of energy for wireless applications. Here in this paper, the considered energy harvesting device is designed as a piezoelectric cantilever beam with different piezoelectric materials in both bimorph and unimorph configurations. For both these configurations a single degree-of-freedom model of a kinematically excited cantilever with a full and partial electrode length respecting the dimensions of added tip mass is derived. The analytical model is based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and its output is successfully verified with available experimental results of piezoelectric energy harvesters in three different configurations. The electrical output of the derived model for the three different materials (PZT-5A, PZZN-PLZT and PVDF) and design configurations is in accordance with lab measurements which are presented in the paper. Therefore, this model can be used for predicting the amount of harvested power in a particular vibratory environment. Finally, the derived analytical model was used to compare the energy harvesting effectiveness of the three considered materials for both simple harmonic excitation and random vibrations of the corresponding harvesters. The comparison revealed that both PZT-5A and PZZN-PLZT are an excellent choice for energy harvesting purposes thanks to high electrical power output, whereas PVDF should be used only for sensing applications due to low harvested electrical power output. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:13:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d40f070254b94166aa000372a8061c8f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:13:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d40f070254b94166aa000372a8061c8f2023-11-22T19:57:03ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-10-012120675910.3390/s21206759Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design ConfigurationsZdenek Machu0Ondrej Rubes1Oldrich Sevecek2Zdenek Hadas3Laboratory of Energy Harvesting, Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Energy Harvesting, Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Energy Harvesting, Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Energy Harvesting, Institute of Solid Mechanics, Mechatronics and Biomechanics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, 616 69 Brno, Czech RepublicThis paper deals with analytical modelling of piezoelectric energy harvesting systems for generating useful electricity from ambient vibrations and comparing the usefulness of materials commonly used in designing such harvesters for energy harvesting applications. The kinetic energy harvesters have the potential to be used as an autonomous source of energy for wireless applications. Here in this paper, the considered energy harvesting device is designed as a piezoelectric cantilever beam with different piezoelectric materials in both bimorph and unimorph configurations. For both these configurations a single degree-of-freedom model of a kinematically excited cantilever with a full and partial electrode length respecting the dimensions of added tip mass is derived. The analytical model is based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and its output is successfully verified with available experimental results of piezoelectric energy harvesters in three different configurations. The electrical output of the derived model for the three different materials (PZT-5A, PZZN-PLZT and PVDF) and design configurations is in accordance with lab measurements which are presented in the paper. Therefore, this model can be used for predicting the amount of harvested power in a particular vibratory environment. Finally, the derived analytical model was used to compare the energy harvesting effectiveness of the three considered materials for both simple harmonic excitation and random vibrations of the corresponding harvesters. The comparison revealed that both PZT-5A and PZZN-PLZT are an excellent choice for energy harvesting purposes thanks to high electrical power output, whereas PVDF should be used only for sensing applications due to low harvested electrical power output.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6759energy harvestingvibrationspiezoelectricanalytical modelbeam modelequivalent model |
| spellingShingle | Zdenek Machu Ondrej Rubes Oldrich Sevecek Zdenek Hadas Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design Configurations Sensors energy harvesting vibrations piezoelectric analytical model beam model equivalent model |
| title | Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design Configurations |
| title_full | Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design Configurations |
| title_fullStr | Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design Configurations |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design Configurations |
| title_short | Experimentally Verified Analytical Models of Piezoelectric Cantilevers in Different Design Configurations |
| title_sort | experimentally verified analytical models of piezoelectric cantilevers in different design configurations |
| topic | energy harvesting vibrations piezoelectric analytical model beam model equivalent model |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/20/6759 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT zdenekmachu experimentallyverifiedanalyticalmodelsofpiezoelectriccantileversindifferentdesignconfigurations AT ondrejrubes experimentallyverifiedanalyticalmodelsofpiezoelectriccantileversindifferentdesignconfigurations AT oldrichsevecek experimentallyverifiedanalyticalmodelsofpiezoelectriccantileversindifferentdesignconfigurations AT zdenekhadas experimentallyverifiedanalyticalmodelsofpiezoelectriccantileversindifferentdesignconfigurations |