The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome
Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, characterised by the dysfunction and death of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Innate immune cell activation and accompanying para-inflammation have been suggested to contribute to...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03055-1 |
| _version_ | 1797273775386918912 |
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| author | Alice Brandli Kirstan A. Vessey Erica L. Fletcher |
| author_facet | Alice Brandli Kirstan A. Vessey Erica L. Fletcher |
| author_sort | Alice Brandli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, characterised by the dysfunction and death of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Innate immune cell activation and accompanying para-inflammation have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD, although the exact mechanism(s) and signalling pathways remain elusive. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are essential activators of the innate immune system and drivers of para-inflammation. Of these PRRs, the two most prominent are (1) Toll-like receptors (TLR) and (2) NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome have been found to modulate the progression of AMD. Mutations in TLR2 have been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing AMD. In animal models of AMD, inhibition of TLR and NLRP3 has been shown to reduce RPE cell death, inflammation and angiogenesis signalling, offering potential novel treatments for advanced AMD. Here, we examine the evidence for PRRs, TLRs2/3/4, and NLRP3-inflammasome pathways in macular degeneration pathogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:49:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d413f7a802f14a9ba28097a5708dbb74 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1742-2094 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:49:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Neuroinflammation |
| spelling | doaj.art-d413f7a802f14a9ba28097a5708dbb742024-03-05T19:49:00ZengBMCJournal of Neuroinflammation1742-20942024-03-0121111810.1186/s12974-024-03055-1The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasomeAlice Brandli0Kirstan A. Vessey1Erica L. Fletcher2Department of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of MelbourneDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of MelbourneDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, The University of MelbourneAbstract Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, characterised by the dysfunction and death of the photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Innate immune cell activation and accompanying para-inflammation have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of AMD, although the exact mechanism(s) and signalling pathways remain elusive. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are essential activators of the innate immune system and drivers of para-inflammation. Of these PRRs, the two most prominent are (1) Toll-like receptors (TLR) and (2) NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)-inflammasome have been found to modulate the progression of AMD. Mutations in TLR2 have been found to be associated with an increased risk of developing AMD. In animal models of AMD, inhibition of TLR and NLRP3 has been shown to reduce RPE cell death, inflammation and angiogenesis signalling, offering potential novel treatments for advanced AMD. Here, we examine the evidence for PRRs, TLRs2/3/4, and NLRP3-inflammasome pathways in macular degeneration pathogenesis.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03055-1MicrogliaRetinal degenerationPattern recognition receptorAge related macular degenerationInnate immunityToll-like receptors |
| spellingShingle | Alice Brandli Kirstan A. Vessey Erica L. Fletcher The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome Journal of Neuroinflammation Microglia Retinal degeneration Pattern recognition receptor Age related macular degeneration Innate immunity Toll-like receptors |
| title | The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome |
| title_full | The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome |
| title_fullStr | The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome |
| title_full_unstemmed | The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome |
| title_short | The contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration: the role of toll-like-receptors and the NLRP3-inflammasome |
| title_sort | contribution of pattern recognition receptor signalling in the development of age related macular degeneration the role of toll like receptors and the nlrp3 inflammasome |
| topic | Microglia Retinal degeneration Pattern recognition receptor Age related macular degeneration Innate immunity Toll-like receptors |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12974-024-03055-1 |
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