Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents
OBJECTIVE: To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults. METHODS: Data from the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO growth reference (1-24...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The World Health Organization
2007-09-01
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| Series: | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862007000900010&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1797282176203489280 |
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| author | Mercedes de Onis Adelheid W Onyango Elaine Borghi Amani Siyam Chizuru Nishida Jonathan Siekmann |
| author_facet | Mercedes de Onis Adelheid W Onyango Elaine Borghi Amani Siyam Chizuru Nishida Jonathan Siekmann |
| author_sort | Mercedes de Onis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | OBJECTIVE: To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults. METHODS: Data from the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO growth reference (1-24 years) were merged with data from the under-fives growth standards' cross-sectional sample (18-71 months) to smooth the transition between the two samples. State-of-the-art statistical methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards (0-5 years), i.e. the Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) method with appropriate diagnostic tools for the selection of best models, were applied to this combined sample. FINDINGS: The merged data sets resulted in a smooth transition at 5 years for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age. For BMI-for-age across all centiles the magnitude of the difference between the two curves at age 5 years is mostly 0.0 kg/m² to 0.1 kg/m². At 19 years, the new BMI values at +1 standard deviation (SD) are 25.4 kg/m² for boys and 25.0 kg/m² for girls. These values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off for adults (> 25.0 kg/m²). Similarly, the +2 SD value (29.7 kg/m² for both sexes) compares closely with the cut-off for obesity (> 30.0 kg/m²). CONCLUSION: The new curves are closely aligned with the WHO Child Growth Standards at 5 years, and the recommended adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 19 years. They fill the gap in growth curves and provide an appropriate reference for the 5 to 19 years age group. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:09:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d41a82701e01405fa1aa6f9fc82d985c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0042-9686 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T17:09:13Z |
| publishDate | 2007-09-01 |
| publisher | The World Health Organization |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| spelling | doaj.art-d41a82701e01405fa1aa6f9fc82d985c2024-03-03T02:19:13ZengThe World Health OrganizationBulletin of the World Health Organization0042-96862007-09-01859660667S0042-96862007000900010Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescentsMercedes de Onis0Adelheid W Onyango1Elaine Borghi2Amani Siyam3Chizuru Nishida4Jonathan Siekmann5World Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationWorld Health OrganizationOBJECTIVE: To construct growth curves for school-aged children and adolescents that accord with the WHO Child Growth Standards for preschool children and the body mass index (BMI) cut-offs for adults. METHODS: Data from the 1977 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS)/WHO growth reference (1-24 years) were merged with data from the under-fives growth standards' cross-sectional sample (18-71 months) to smooth the transition between the two samples. State-of-the-art statistical methods used to construct the WHO Child Growth Standards (0-5 years), i.e. the Box-Cox power exponential (BCPE) method with appropriate diagnostic tools for the selection of best models, were applied to this combined sample. FINDINGS: The merged data sets resulted in a smooth transition at 5 years for height-for-age, weight-for-age and BMI-for-age. For BMI-for-age across all centiles the magnitude of the difference between the two curves at age 5 years is mostly 0.0 kg/m² to 0.1 kg/m². At 19 years, the new BMI values at +1 standard deviation (SD) are 25.4 kg/m² for boys and 25.0 kg/m² for girls. These values are equivalent to the overweight cut-off for adults (> 25.0 kg/m²). Similarly, the +2 SD value (29.7 kg/m² for both sexes) compares closely with the cut-off for obesity (> 30.0 kg/m²). CONCLUSION: The new curves are closely aligned with the WHO Child Growth Standards at 5 years, and the recommended adult cut-offs for overweight and obesity at 19 years. They fill the gap in growth curves and provide an appropriate reference for the 5 to 19 years age group.http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862007000900010&lng=en&tlng=en |
| spellingShingle | Mercedes de Onis Adelheid W Onyango Elaine Borghi Amani Siyam Chizuru Nishida Jonathan Siekmann Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents Bulletin of the World Health Organization |
| title | Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents |
| title_full | Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents |
| title_fullStr | Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents |
| title_short | Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents |
| title_sort | development of a who growth reference for school aged children and adolescents |
| url | http://www.scielosp.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0042-96862007000900010&lng=en&tlng=en |
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