A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2
The fundamental basis of pregnancy and cancer is to determine the fate of the survival or the death of humanity. However, the development of fetuses and tumors share many similarities and differences, making them two sides of the same coin. This review presents an overview of the similarities and di...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3454 |
| _version_ | 1797620565214756864 |
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| author | Brian Hur Veronica Wong Eun D. Lee |
| author_facet | Brian Hur Veronica Wong Eun D. Lee |
| author_sort | Brian Hur |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The fundamental basis of pregnancy and cancer is to determine the fate of the survival or the death of humanity. However, the development of fetuses and tumors share many similarities and differences, making them two sides of the same coin. This review presents an overview of the similarities and differences between pregnancy and cancer. In addition, we will also discuss the critical roles that Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase (ERAP) 1 and 2 may play in the immune system, cell migration, and angiogenesis, all of which are essential for fetal and tumor development. Even though the comprehensive understanding of ERAP2 lags that of ERAP1 due to the lack of an animal model, recent studies have shown that both enzymes are associated with an increased risk of several diseases, including pregnancy disorder pre-eclampsia (PE), recurrent miscarriages, and cancer. The exact mechanisms in both pregnancy and cancer need to be elucidated. Therefore, a deeper understanding of ERAP’s role in diseases can make it a potential therapeutic target for pregnancy complications and cancer and offer greater insight into its impact on the immune system. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:43:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d42e96dd95c84b3b88f0f7b2bb7e0a7e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:43:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d42e96dd95c84b3b88f0f7b2bb7e0a7e2023-11-16T21:00:13ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-02-01244345410.3390/ijms24043454A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2Brian Hur0Veronica Wong1Eun D. Lee2Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USADepartment of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USAThe fundamental basis of pregnancy and cancer is to determine the fate of the survival or the death of humanity. However, the development of fetuses and tumors share many similarities and differences, making them two sides of the same coin. This review presents an overview of the similarities and differences between pregnancy and cancer. In addition, we will also discuss the critical roles that Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase (ERAP) 1 and 2 may play in the immune system, cell migration, and angiogenesis, all of which are essential for fetal and tumor development. Even though the comprehensive understanding of ERAP2 lags that of ERAP1 due to the lack of an animal model, recent studies have shown that both enzymes are associated with an increased risk of several diseases, including pregnancy disorder pre-eclampsia (PE), recurrent miscarriages, and cancer. The exact mechanisms in both pregnancy and cancer need to be elucidated. Therefore, a deeper understanding of ERAP’s role in diseases can make it a potential therapeutic target for pregnancy complications and cancer and offer greater insight into its impact on the immune system.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3454pregnancycancerERAPangiogenesismigrationimmune cells |
| spellingShingle | Brian Hur Veronica Wong Eun D. Lee A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2 International Journal of Molecular Sciences pregnancy cancer ERAP angiogenesis migration immune cells |
| title | A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2 |
| title_full | A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2 |
| title_fullStr | A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2 |
| title_short | A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2 |
| title_sort | comparative review of pregnancy and cancer and their association with endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 and 2 |
| topic | pregnancy cancer ERAP angiogenesis migration immune cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/4/3454 |
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