Profiles of Peripheral Immune Cells of Uncomplicated COVID-19 Cases with Distinct Viral RNA Shedding Periods
The heterogeneity of immune response to COVID-19 has been reported to correlate with disease severity and prognosis. While so, how the immune response progress along the period of viral RNA-shedding (VRS), which determines the infectiousness of disease, is yet to be elucidated. We aim to exhaustivel...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/514 |
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| author | Denise Utami Putri Cheng-Hui Wang Po-Chun Tseng Wen-Sen Lee Fu-Lun Chen Han-Pin Kuo Chih-Hsin Lee Chiou-Feng Lin |
| author_facet | Denise Utami Putri Cheng-Hui Wang Po-Chun Tseng Wen-Sen Lee Fu-Lun Chen Han-Pin Kuo Chih-Hsin Lee Chiou-Feng Lin |
| author_sort | Denise Utami Putri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The heterogeneity of immune response to COVID-19 has been reported to correlate with disease severity and prognosis. While so, how the immune response progress along the period of viral RNA-shedding (VRS), which determines the infectiousness of disease, is yet to be elucidated. We aim to exhaustively evaluate the peripheral immune cells to expose the interplay of the immune system in uncomplicated COVID-19 cases with different VRS periods and dynamic changes of the immune cell profile in the prolonged cases. We prospectively recruited four uncomplicated COVID-19 patients and four healthy controls (HCs) and evaluated the immune cell profile throughout the disease course. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected and submitted to a multi-panel flowcytometric assay. CD19<sup>+</sup>-B cells were upregulated, while CD4, CD8, and NK cells were downregulated in prolonged VRS patients. Additionally, the pro-inflammatory-Th1 population showed downregulation, followed by improvement along the disease course, while the immunoregulatory cells showed upregulation with subsequent decline. COVID-19 patients with longer VRS expressed an immune profile comparable to those with severe disease, although they remained clinically stable. Further studies of immune signature in a larger cohort are warranted. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:04:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4304a206cca4adda59b05aa3368a75e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:04:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4304a206cca4adda59b05aa3368a75e2023-11-21T11:15:35ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-03-0113351410.3390/v13030514Profiles of Peripheral Immune Cells of Uncomplicated COVID-19 Cases with Distinct Viral RNA Shedding PeriodsDenise Utami Putri0Cheng-Hui Wang1Po-Chun Tseng2Wen-Sen Lee3Fu-Lun Chen4Han-Pin Kuo5Chih-Hsin Lee6Chiou-Feng Lin7Pulmonary Research Center, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, TaiwanDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, TaiwanDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, TaiwanDivisions of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, TaiwanDivisions of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, TaiwanDivisions of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, TaiwanPulmonary Research Center, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, TaiwanPulmonary Research Center, Wanfang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 116, TaiwanThe heterogeneity of immune response to COVID-19 has been reported to correlate with disease severity and prognosis. While so, how the immune response progress along the period of viral RNA-shedding (VRS), which determines the infectiousness of disease, is yet to be elucidated. We aim to exhaustively evaluate the peripheral immune cells to expose the interplay of the immune system in uncomplicated COVID-19 cases with different VRS periods and dynamic changes of the immune cell profile in the prolonged cases. We prospectively recruited four uncomplicated COVID-19 patients and four healthy controls (HCs) and evaluated the immune cell profile throughout the disease course. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected and submitted to a multi-panel flowcytometric assay. CD19<sup>+</sup>-B cells were upregulated, while CD4, CD8, and NK cells were downregulated in prolonged VRS patients. Additionally, the pro-inflammatory-Th1 population showed downregulation, followed by improvement along the disease course, while the immunoregulatory cells showed upregulation with subsequent decline. COVID-19 patients with longer VRS expressed an immune profile comparable to those with severe disease, although they remained clinically stable. Further studies of immune signature in a larger cohort are warranted.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/514COVID-19immune profileviral RNA-sheddingviral RNA clearance |
| spellingShingle | Denise Utami Putri Cheng-Hui Wang Po-Chun Tseng Wen-Sen Lee Fu-Lun Chen Han-Pin Kuo Chih-Hsin Lee Chiou-Feng Lin Profiles of Peripheral Immune Cells of Uncomplicated COVID-19 Cases with Distinct Viral RNA Shedding Periods Viruses COVID-19 immune profile viral RNA-shedding viral RNA clearance |
| title | Profiles of Peripheral Immune Cells of Uncomplicated COVID-19 Cases with Distinct Viral RNA Shedding Periods |
| title_full | Profiles of Peripheral Immune Cells of Uncomplicated COVID-19 Cases with Distinct Viral RNA Shedding Periods |
| title_fullStr | Profiles of Peripheral Immune Cells of Uncomplicated COVID-19 Cases with Distinct Viral RNA Shedding Periods |
| title_full_unstemmed | Profiles of Peripheral Immune Cells of Uncomplicated COVID-19 Cases with Distinct Viral RNA Shedding Periods |
| title_short | Profiles of Peripheral Immune Cells of Uncomplicated COVID-19 Cases with Distinct Viral RNA Shedding Periods |
| title_sort | profiles of peripheral immune cells of uncomplicated covid 19 cases with distinct viral rna shedding periods |
| topic | COVID-19 immune profile viral RNA-shedding viral RNA clearance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/3/514 |
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