IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain Functions
Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is a pleiotropic polypeptide that functions as autocrine and/or paracrine growth factors. IGFBP-2 is the most abundant of the IGFBPs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and developing brain showed the highest expression of IGFBP-2. IGFBP-2 express...
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-11-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00822/full |
| _version_ | 1819040139113922560 |
|---|---|
| author | Shumsuzzaman Khan |
| author_facet | Shumsuzzaman Khan |
| author_sort | Shumsuzzaman Khan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is a pleiotropic polypeptide that functions as autocrine and/or paracrine growth factors. IGFBP-2 is the most abundant of the IGFBPs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and developing brain showed the highest expression of IGFBP-2. IGFBP-2 expressed in the hippocampus, cortex, olfactory lobes, cerebellum, and amygdala. IGFBP-2 mRNA expression is seen in meninges, blood vessels, and in small cell-body neurons (interneurons) and astrocytes. The expression pattern of IGFBP-2 is often developmentally regulated and cell-specific. Biological activities of IGFBP-2 which are independent of their abilities to bind to insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mediated by the heparin binding domain (HBD). To execute IGF-independent functions, some IGFBPs have shown to bind with their putative receptors or to translocate inside the cells. Thus, IGFBP-2 functions can be mediated both via insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-IR) and independent of IGF-Rs. In this review, I suggest that IGFBP-2 is not only involved in the growth, development of the brain but also with the regulation of neuronal plasticity to modulate high-level cognitive operations such as spatial learning and memory and information processing. Hence, IGFBP-2 serves as a neurotrophic factor which acts via metaplastic signaling from embryonic to adult stages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T09:04:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d43c4dbb7b41434f9b06f619ea4e34c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T09:04:21Z |
| publishDate | 2019-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d43c4dbb7b41434f9b06f619ea4e34c92022-12-21T19:09:23ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922019-11-011010.3389/fendo.2019.00822484188IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain FunctionsShumsuzzaman KhanInsulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2) is a pleiotropic polypeptide that functions as autocrine and/or paracrine growth factors. IGFBP-2 is the most abundant of the IGFBPs in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and developing brain showed the highest expression of IGFBP-2. IGFBP-2 expressed in the hippocampus, cortex, olfactory lobes, cerebellum, and amygdala. IGFBP-2 mRNA expression is seen in meninges, blood vessels, and in small cell-body neurons (interneurons) and astrocytes. The expression pattern of IGFBP-2 is often developmentally regulated and cell-specific. Biological activities of IGFBP-2 which are independent of their abilities to bind to insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are mediated by the heparin binding domain (HBD). To execute IGF-independent functions, some IGFBPs have shown to bind with their putative receptors or to translocate inside the cells. Thus, IGFBP-2 functions can be mediated both via insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF-IR) and independent of IGF-Rs. In this review, I suggest that IGFBP-2 is not only involved in the growth, development of the brain but also with the regulation of neuronal plasticity to modulate high-level cognitive operations such as spatial learning and memory and information processing. Hence, IGFBP-2 serves as a neurotrophic factor which acts via metaplastic signaling from embryonic to adult stages.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00822/fullIGFBP-2IGF-IRCNSgrowth and repairlearning and memoryinformation processing |
| spellingShingle | Shumsuzzaman Khan IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain Functions Frontiers in Endocrinology IGFBP-2 IGF-IR CNS growth and repair learning and memory information processing |
| title | IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain Functions |
| title_full | IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain Functions |
| title_fullStr | IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain Functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain Functions |
| title_short | IGFBP-2 Signaling in the Brain: From Brain Development to Higher Order Brain Functions |
| title_sort | igfbp 2 signaling in the brain from brain development to higher order brain functions |
| topic | IGFBP-2 IGF-IR CNS growth and repair learning and memory information processing |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fendo.2019.00822/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shumsuzzamankhan igfbp2signalinginthebrainfrombraindevelopmenttohigherorderbrainfunctions |