Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games
<p>Mixing state and density are two key parameters of aerosol particles affecting their impacts on radiative forcing and human health. Here a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer in tandem with a differential mobility analyzer and an aerodynamic aerosol classifier was deployed during the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/13597/2023/acp-23-13597-2023.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797643356590833664 |
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| author | A. Du A. Du J. Sun J. Sun H. Liu W. Xu W. Zhou Y. Zhang Y. Zhang L. Li X. Du X. Du Y. Li Y. Li X. Pan Z. Wang Z. Wang Y. Sun Y. Sun |
| author_facet | A. Du A. Du J. Sun J. Sun H. Liu W. Xu W. Zhou Y. Zhang Y. Zhang L. Li X. Du X. Du Y. Li Y. Li X. Pan Z. Wang Z. Wang Y. Sun Y. Sun |
| author_sort | A. Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Mixing state and density are two key parameters of aerosol particles affecting their impacts on radiative forcing and human health. Here a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer in tandem with a differential mobility analyzer and an aerodynamic aerosol classifier was deployed during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games (OWG) to investigate the impacts of emission controls on particle mixing state and density. Our results show the dominance of carbonaceous particles comprising mainly total elemental carbon (Total-EC, 13.4 %), total organic carbon (Total-OC, 10.5 %) and Total-ECOC (47.1 %). Particularly, the particles containing organic carbon and sulfate were enhanced significantly during OWG, although those from primary emissions decreased. The composition of carbonaceous particles also changed significantly which was characterized by the decreases in EC mixed with nitrate and sulfate (EC-NS), EC mixed with potassium nitrate (KEC-N), and amine-containing particles and increase in ECOC mixed with nitrate and sulfate (ECOC-NS). This result indicates that emission controls during OWG reduced the mixing of EC with inorganic aerosol species and amines yet increased the mixing of EC with organic aerosol. The average effective density (<span class="inline-formula"><i>ρ</i><sub>eff</sub></span>) of aerosol particles (150–300 nm) was 1.15 g cm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> during the non-Olympic Winter Games (nOWG), with higher values during OWG (1.26 g cm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) due to the increase in secondary particle contribution. In addition, the <span class="inline-formula"><i>ρ</i><sub>eff</sub></span> of most particles increased with the increases in pollution levels and relative humidity, yet they varied differently for different types of particles, highlighting the impacts of aging and formation processes on the changes of particle density and mixing state.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:14:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d448089892cc4149a0dac59b88e58984 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T14:14:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d448089892cc4149a0dac59b88e589842023-11-01T13:02:17ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242023-11-0123135971361110.5194/acp-23-13597-2023Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter GamesA. Du0A. Du1J. Sun2J. Sun3H. Liu4W. Xu5W. Zhou6Y. Zhang7Y. Zhang8L. Li9X. Du10X. Du11Y. Li12Y. Li13X. Pan14Z. Wang15Z. Wang16Y. Sun17Y. Sun18State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaInstitute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaInstitute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-Line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Guangzhou 510632, China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China<p>Mixing state and density are two key parameters of aerosol particles affecting their impacts on radiative forcing and human health. Here a single-particle aerosol mass spectrometer in tandem with a differential mobility analyzer and an aerodynamic aerosol classifier was deployed during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games (OWG) to investigate the impacts of emission controls on particle mixing state and density. Our results show the dominance of carbonaceous particles comprising mainly total elemental carbon (Total-EC, 13.4 %), total organic carbon (Total-OC, 10.5 %) and Total-ECOC (47.1 %). Particularly, the particles containing organic carbon and sulfate were enhanced significantly during OWG, although those from primary emissions decreased. The composition of carbonaceous particles also changed significantly which was characterized by the decreases in EC mixed with nitrate and sulfate (EC-NS), EC mixed with potassium nitrate (KEC-N), and amine-containing particles and increase in ECOC mixed with nitrate and sulfate (ECOC-NS). This result indicates that emission controls during OWG reduced the mixing of EC with inorganic aerosol species and amines yet increased the mixing of EC with organic aerosol. The average effective density (<span class="inline-formula"><i>ρ</i><sub>eff</sub></span>) of aerosol particles (150–300 nm) was 1.15 g cm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span> during the non-Olympic Winter Games (nOWG), with higher values during OWG (1.26 g cm<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>) due to the increase in secondary particle contribution. In addition, the <span class="inline-formula"><i>ρ</i><sub>eff</sub></span> of most particles increased with the increases in pollution levels and relative humidity, yet they varied differently for different types of particles, highlighting the impacts of aging and formation processes on the changes of particle density and mixing state.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/13597/2023/acp-23-13597-2023.pdf |
| spellingShingle | A. Du A. Du J. Sun J. Sun H. Liu W. Xu W. Zhou Y. Zhang Y. Zhang L. Li X. Du X. Du Y. Li Y. Li X. Pan Z. Wang Z. Wang Y. Sun Y. Sun Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games |
| title_full | Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games |
| title_fullStr | Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games |
| title_short | Mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the Beijing 2022 Olympic Winter Games |
| title_sort | mixing state and effective density of aerosol particles during the beijing 2022 olympic winter games |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/23/13597/2023/acp-23-13597-2023.pdf |
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