Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach
Background: Wastewater reuse in agriculture can potentially result in adverse health implications including parasitic diseases spread. Trichuris, Ascaris, and Giardia are major pathogenic parasites of concern associated with this practice. This review investigated their occurrence in wastewater, a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Environmental Health Engineering and Management |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://ehemj.com/browse.php?a_id=1086&sid=1&slc_lang=en&ftxt=1 |
| _version_ | 1827991326754340864 |
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| author | Omar Amahmid Youssef El Guamri Youness Rakibi Mohamed Yazidi Bouchra Razoki Khadija Kaid Rassou Hanane Achaq Safia Basla Mohamed Amine Zerdeb Meriyam El Omari Oulaid Touloun Saïd Chakiri |
| author_facet | Omar Amahmid Youssef El Guamri Youness Rakibi Mohamed Yazidi Bouchra Razoki Khadija Kaid Rassou Hanane Achaq Safia Basla Mohamed Amine Zerdeb Meriyam El Omari Oulaid Touloun Saïd Chakiri |
| author_sort | Omar Amahmid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Wastewater reuse in agriculture can potentially result in adverse health implications
including parasitic diseases spread. Trichuris, Ascaris, and Giardia are major pathogenic parasites of
concern associated with this practice. This review investigated their occurrence in wastewater, and
environmental components reached through wastewater application, including irrigated soil and
grown crops. Exposure pathways and evidence for health risks were also explored.
Methods: Several databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science,
and ResearchGate) and other sites were searched for published literature up to 2021. The searched
keywords include wastewater reuse, soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), Ascaris, Trichuris, Giardia,
crop contamination, soil contamination, health risk, epidemiological studies, exposure pathways, and
risk mitigation. Overall, 160 papers have been yielded. After screening for relevance, 60 studies were
considered for inclusion.
Results: Giardia, Ascaris, and Trichuris were frequently detected in wastewater with up to 5 × 105
cysts/L and 5.73 × 103 eggs/L. Concentrations of 750 eggs/100 g and 2.8 × 104 cysts/100 g were reported
in wastewater irrigated soil. Ascaris was reported in irrigated crops with up to 70 eggs/kg versus 6.6 × 103
cysts/kg for Giardia, depending on the type of crops. Epidemiological studies provided evidence
supporting the increase of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and giardiasis diseases related to the exposure to
wastewater irrigated soil and crops.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that wastewater reuse in agriculture leads to contamination of soil,
and crops with pathogenic parasites, increasing health risks in the exposed groups. To remedy this
issue, protection measures, including a multi-barrier approach, can be applied to mitigate the health
risks engendered by wastewater reuse for irrigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:50:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4504368132e4a2c9a80f1f8ca1f9150 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2423-3765 2423-4311 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T00:50:09Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Kerman University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Health Engineering and Management |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4504368132e4a2c9a80f1f8ca1f91502023-03-13T15:57:41ZengKerman University of Medical SciencesEnvironmental Health Engineering and Management2423-37652423-43112023-02-0110110711910.34172/EHEM.2023.12Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approachOmar Amahmid0Youssef El Guamri1Youness Rakibi2Mohamed Yazidi3Bouchra Razoki4Khadija Kaid Rassou5Hanane Achaq6Safia Basla7Mohamed Amine Zerdeb8Meriyam El Omari9Oulaid Touloun10Saïd Chakiri11Regional Centre for Careers in Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Marrakech, MoroccoRegional Centre for Careers in Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Marrakech, MoroccoRegional Centre for Careers in Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Marrakech, MoroccoRegional Centre for Careers in Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Marrakech, MoroccoRegional Centre for Careers in Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Marrakech, MoroccoRegional Centre for Careers in Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Marrakech, MoroccoRegional Centre for Careers in Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Marrakech, MoroccoRegional Centre for Careers in Education and Training CRMEF Marrakech-Safi, Department of Life and Earth Sciences, Marrakech, MoroccoDepartment of Geology and Geosciences Research Lab, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, MoroccoDepartment of Geology and Geosciences Research Lab, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, MoroccoDepartment of Biology, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, MoroccoDepartment of Geology and Geosciences Research Lab, Faculty of Sciences, University Ibn Tofail, Kenitra, MoroccoBackground: Wastewater reuse in agriculture can potentially result in adverse health implications including parasitic diseases spread. Trichuris, Ascaris, and Giardia are major pathogenic parasites of concern associated with this practice. This review investigated their occurrence in wastewater, and environmental components reached through wastewater application, including irrigated soil and grown crops. Exposure pathways and evidence for health risks were also explored. Methods: Several databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and ResearchGate) and other sites were searched for published literature up to 2021. The searched keywords include wastewater reuse, soil-transmitted helminths (STHs), Ascaris, Trichuris, Giardia, crop contamination, soil contamination, health risk, epidemiological studies, exposure pathways, and risk mitigation. Overall, 160 papers have been yielded. After screening for relevance, 60 studies were considered for inclusion. Results: Giardia, Ascaris, and Trichuris were frequently detected in wastewater with up to 5 × 105 cysts/L and 5.73 × 103 eggs/L. Concentrations of 750 eggs/100 g and 2.8 × 104 cysts/100 g were reported in wastewater irrigated soil. Ascaris was reported in irrigated crops with up to 70 eggs/kg versus 6.6 × 103 cysts/kg for Giardia, depending on the type of crops. Epidemiological studies provided evidence supporting the increase of ascariasis, trichuriasis, and giardiasis diseases related to the exposure to wastewater irrigated soil and crops. Conclusion: The findings suggest that wastewater reuse in agriculture leads to contamination of soil, and crops with pathogenic parasites, increasing health risks in the exposed groups. To remedy this issue, protection measures, including a multi-barrier approach, can be applied to mitigate the health risks engendered by wastewater reuse for irrigation.http://ehemj.com/browse.php?a_id=1086&sid=1&slc_lang=en&ftxt=1wastewater reuseascaristrichurisgiardiaepidemiologic studies |
| spellingShingle | Omar Amahmid Youssef El Guamri Youness Rakibi Mohamed Yazidi Bouchra Razoki Khadija Kaid Rassou Hanane Achaq Safia Basla Mohamed Amine Zerdeb Meriyam El Omari Oulaid Touloun Saïd Chakiri Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach Environmental Health Engineering and Management wastewater reuse ascaris trichuris giardia epidemiologic studies |
| title | Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach |
| title_full | Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach |
| title_fullStr | Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach |
| title_short | Wastewater reuse in agriculture: A review of soil and crops parasitic contamination, associated health risks and mitigation approach |
| title_sort | wastewater reuse in agriculture a review of soil and crops parasitic contamination associated health risks and mitigation approach |
| topic | wastewater reuse ascaris trichuris giardia epidemiologic studies |
| url | http://ehemj.com/browse.php?a_id=1086&sid=1&slc_lang=en&ftxt=1 |
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