Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions
Neutrophil granulocytes are a central component of the innate immune system. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to newly discovered biological effector functions and their involvement in various pathological conditions. They have been shown to trigger mechanisms that can ei...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/7/1715 |
| _version_ | 1797406802947604480 |
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| author | Heiko Pfister |
| author_facet | Heiko Pfister |
| author_sort | Heiko Pfister |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neutrophil granulocytes are a central component of the innate immune system. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to newly discovered biological effector functions and their involvement in various pathological conditions. They have been shown to trigger mechanisms that can either promote or inhibit the development of autoimmunity, thrombosis, and cancer. One mechanism for their modulatory effect is the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), that trigger appropriate signaling pathways in immune cells and other target cells. In addition, activated neutrophils can release bactericidal DNA fibers decorated with proteins from neutrophil granules (neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs). While NETs are very effective in limiting pathogens, they can also cause severe damage if released in excess or cleared inefficiently. Since NETs and EVs share a variety of neutrophil molecules and initially act in the same microenvironment, differential biochemical and functional analysis is particularly challenging. This review focuses on the biochemical and functional parallels and the extent to which the overlapping spectrum of effector molecules has an impact on biological and pathological effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:31:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4539fcbbd3e4af8b55e2c3443f73656 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:31:53Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4539fcbbd3e4af8b55e2c3443f736562023-12-03T14:55:12ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-07-01127171510.3390/diagnostics12071715Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector FunctionsHeiko Pfister0Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center Munich, Technical University Munich, D-80636 Munich, GermanyNeutrophil granulocytes are a central component of the innate immune system. In recent years, they have gained considerable attention due to newly discovered biological effector functions and their involvement in various pathological conditions. They have been shown to trigger mechanisms that can either promote or inhibit the development of autoimmunity, thrombosis, and cancer. One mechanism for their modulatory effect is the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs), that trigger appropriate signaling pathways in immune cells and other target cells. In addition, activated neutrophils can release bactericidal DNA fibers decorated with proteins from neutrophil granules (neutrophil extracellular traps, NETs). While NETs are very effective in limiting pathogens, they can also cause severe damage if released in excess or cleared inefficiently. Since NETs and EVs share a variety of neutrophil molecules and initially act in the same microenvironment, differential biochemical and functional analysis is particularly challenging. This review focuses on the biochemical and functional parallels and the extent to which the overlapping spectrum of effector molecules has an impact on biological and pathological effects.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/7/1715extracellular vesiclesneutrophil extracellular trapsneutrophil granulocytescancerautoimmune diseasethrombosis |
| spellingShingle | Heiko Pfister Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions Diagnostics extracellular vesicles neutrophil extracellular traps neutrophil granulocytes cancer autoimmune disease thrombosis |
| title | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
| title_full | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
| title_fullStr | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
| title_short | Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Common Players in Neutrophil Effector Functions |
| title_sort | neutrophil extracellular traps and neutrophil derived extracellular vesicles common players in neutrophil effector functions |
| topic | extracellular vesicles neutrophil extracellular traps neutrophil granulocytes cancer autoimmune disease thrombosis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/7/1715 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT heikopfister neutrophilextracellulartrapsandneutrophilderivedextracellularvesiclescommonplayersinneutrophileffectorfunctions |