MIF and CXCL12 in cardiovascular diseases: functional differences and similarities
Coronary artery disease (CAD) as part of the cardiovascular diseases is a pathology caused by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall characterized by a massive invasion of lipids and inflammatory cells into the inner vessel layer (intima) leading to the formation of ather...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2015-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00373/full |
| _version_ | 1819001350445334528 |
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| author | Emiel eVan Der Vorst Yvonne eDoering Christian eWeber |
| author_facet | Emiel eVan Der Vorst Yvonne eDoering Christian eWeber |
| author_sort | Emiel eVan Der Vorst |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Coronary artery disease (CAD) as part of the cardiovascular diseases is a pathology caused by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall characterized by a massive invasion of lipids and inflammatory cells into the inner vessel layer (intima) leading to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions; their constant growth may cause complications such as flow-limiting stenosis and plaque rupture, the latter triggering vessel occlusion through thrombus formation. Pathophysiology of CAD is complex and over the last years many players have entered the picture. One of the latter being chemokines (small 8-12 kDa cytokines) and their receptors, known to orchestrate cell chemotaxis and arrest. Here we will focus on the chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and the chemokine-like function chemokine MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor). Both are ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved proteins and play an important role in cell homeostasis, recruitment and arrest through binding to their corresponding chemokine receptors CXCR4 (CXCL12 and MIF), ACKR3 (CXCL12) and CXCR2 (MIF). In addition, MIF also binds to the receptor CD44 and the co-receptor CD74. CXCL12 has mostly been studied for its crucial role in the homing of (hematopoietic) progenitor cells in the bone marrow and their mobilization into the periphery. In contrast to CXCL12, MIF is secreted in response to diverse inflammatory stimuli, and has been associated with a clear pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic role in multiple studies of patients and animal models. Ongoing research on CXCL12 points at a protective function of this chemokine in atherosclerotic lesion development. This review will focus on the role of CXCL12 and MIF and their differences and similarities in CAD of high risk patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:47:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d454d965dc2649ce9190a6a1cf091ba3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T22:47:49Z |
| publishDate | 2015-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d454d965dc2649ce9190a6a1cf091ba32022-12-21T19:24:19ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242015-07-01610.3389/fimmu.2015.00373147953MIF and CXCL12 in cardiovascular diseases: functional differences and similaritiesEmiel eVan Der Vorst0Yvonne eDoering1Christian eWeber2LMULMULMUCoronary artery disease (CAD) as part of the cardiovascular diseases is a pathology caused by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the vessel wall characterized by a massive invasion of lipids and inflammatory cells into the inner vessel layer (intima) leading to the formation of atherosclerotic lesions; their constant growth may cause complications such as flow-limiting stenosis and plaque rupture, the latter triggering vessel occlusion through thrombus formation. Pathophysiology of CAD is complex and over the last years many players have entered the picture. One of the latter being chemokines (small 8-12 kDa cytokines) and their receptors, known to orchestrate cell chemotaxis and arrest. Here we will focus on the chemokine CXCL12, also known as stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and the chemokine-like function chemokine MIF (macrophage migration inhibitory factor). Both are ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved proteins and play an important role in cell homeostasis, recruitment and arrest through binding to their corresponding chemokine receptors CXCR4 (CXCL12 and MIF), ACKR3 (CXCL12) and CXCR2 (MIF). In addition, MIF also binds to the receptor CD44 and the co-receptor CD74. CXCL12 has mostly been studied for its crucial role in the homing of (hematopoietic) progenitor cells in the bone marrow and their mobilization into the periphery. In contrast to CXCL12, MIF is secreted in response to diverse inflammatory stimuli, and has been associated with a clear pro-inflammatory and pro-atherogenic role in multiple studies of patients and animal models. Ongoing research on CXCL12 points at a protective function of this chemokine in atherosclerotic lesion development. This review will focus on the role of CXCL12 and MIF and their differences and similarities in CAD of high risk patients.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00373/fullAtherosclerosisChemokinesreceptorscardiovascular diseaseCXCL12MIF |
| spellingShingle | Emiel eVan Der Vorst Yvonne eDoering Christian eWeber MIF and CXCL12 in cardiovascular diseases: functional differences and similarities Frontiers in Immunology Atherosclerosis Chemokines receptors cardiovascular disease CXCL12 MIF |
| title | MIF and CXCL12 in cardiovascular diseases: functional differences and similarities |
| title_full | MIF and CXCL12 in cardiovascular diseases: functional differences and similarities |
| title_fullStr | MIF and CXCL12 in cardiovascular diseases: functional differences and similarities |
| title_full_unstemmed | MIF and CXCL12 in cardiovascular diseases: functional differences and similarities |
| title_short | MIF and CXCL12 in cardiovascular diseases: functional differences and similarities |
| title_sort | mif and cxcl12 in cardiovascular diseases functional differences and similarities |
| topic | Atherosclerosis Chemokines receptors cardiovascular disease CXCL12 MIF |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00373/full |
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