The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry.
We sequenced and compared the genomes of the Dothideomycete fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum (Cfu) (syn. Passalora fulva) and Dothistroma septosporum (Dse) that are closely related phylogenetically, but have different lifestyles and hosts. Although both fungi grow extracellularly in close...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2012-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS Genetics |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3510045?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1819105120441335808 |
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| author | Pierre J G M de Wit Ate van der Burgt Bilal Ökmen Ioannis Stergiopoulos Kamel A Abd-Elsalam Andrea L Aerts Ali H Bahkali Henriek G Beenen Pranav Chettri Murray P Cox Erwin Datema Ronald P de Vries Braham Dhillon Austen R Ganley Scott A Griffiths Yanan Guo Richard C Hamelin Bernard Henrissat M Shahjahan Kabir Mansoor Karimi Jashni Gert Kema Sylvia Klaubauf Alla Lapidus Anthony Levasseur Erika Lindquist Rahim Mehrabi Robin A Ohm Timothy J Owen Asaf Salamov Arne Schwelm Elio Schijlen Hui Sun Harrold A van den Burg Roeland C H J van Ham Shuguang Zhang Stephen B Goodwin Igor V Grigoriev Jérôme Collemare Rosie E Bradshaw |
| author_facet | Pierre J G M de Wit Ate van der Burgt Bilal Ökmen Ioannis Stergiopoulos Kamel A Abd-Elsalam Andrea L Aerts Ali H Bahkali Henriek G Beenen Pranav Chettri Murray P Cox Erwin Datema Ronald P de Vries Braham Dhillon Austen R Ganley Scott A Griffiths Yanan Guo Richard C Hamelin Bernard Henrissat M Shahjahan Kabir Mansoor Karimi Jashni Gert Kema Sylvia Klaubauf Alla Lapidus Anthony Levasseur Erika Lindquist Rahim Mehrabi Robin A Ohm Timothy J Owen Asaf Salamov Arne Schwelm Elio Schijlen Hui Sun Harrold A van den Burg Roeland C H J van Ham Shuguang Zhang Stephen B Goodwin Igor V Grigoriev Jérôme Collemare Rosie E Bradshaw |
| author_sort | Pierre J G M de Wit |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We sequenced and compared the genomes of the Dothideomycete fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum (Cfu) (syn. Passalora fulva) and Dothistroma septosporum (Dse) that are closely related phylogenetically, but have different lifestyles and hosts. Although both fungi grow extracellularly in close contact with host mesophyll cells, Cfu is a biotroph infecting tomato, while Dse is a hemibiotroph infecting pine. The genomes of these fungi have a similar set of genes (70% of gene content in both genomes are homologs), but differ significantly in size (Cfu >61.1-Mb; Dse 31.2-Mb), which is mainly due to the difference in repeat content (47.2% in Cfu versus 3.2% in Dse). Recent adaptation to different lifestyles and hosts is suggested by diverged sets of genes. Cfu contains an α-tomatinase gene that we predict might be required for detoxification of tomatine, while this gene is absent in Dse. Many genes encoding secreted proteins are unique to each species and the repeat-rich areas in Cfu are enriched for these species-specific genes. In contrast, conserved genes suggest common host ancestry. Homologs of Cfu effector genes, including Ecp2 and Avr4, are present in Dse and induce a Cf-Ecp2- and Cf-4-mediated hypersensitive response, respectively. Strikingly, genes involved in production of the toxin dothistromin, a likely virulence factor for Dse, are conserved in Cfu, but their expression differs markedly with essentially no expression by Cfu in planta. Likewise, Cfu has a carbohydrate-degrading enzyme catalog that is more similar to that of necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs and a larger pectinolytic gene arsenal than Dse, but many of these genes are not expressed in planta or are pseudogenized. Overall, comparison of their genomes suggests that these closely related plant pathogens had a common ancestral host but since adapted to different hosts and lifestyles by a combination of differentiated gene content, pseudogenization, and gene regulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T02:17:12Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d45bff0bcd374dae9aff246e4b1ca7fd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1553-7390 1553-7404 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T02:17:12Z |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
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| series | PLoS Genetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d45bff0bcd374dae9aff246e4b1ca7fd2022-12-21T18:42:14ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Genetics1553-73901553-74042012-01-01811e100308810.1371/journal.pgen.1003088The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry.Pierre J G M de WitAte van der BurgtBilal ÖkmenIoannis StergiopoulosKamel A Abd-ElsalamAndrea L AertsAli H BahkaliHenriek G BeenenPranav ChettriMurray P CoxErwin DatemaRonald P de VriesBraham DhillonAusten R GanleyScott A GriffithsYanan GuoRichard C HamelinBernard HenrissatM Shahjahan KabirMansoor Karimi JashniGert KemaSylvia KlaubaufAlla LapidusAnthony LevasseurErika LindquistRahim MehrabiRobin A OhmTimothy J OwenAsaf SalamovArne SchwelmElio SchijlenHui SunHarrold A van den BurgRoeland C H J van HamShuguang ZhangStephen B GoodwinIgor V GrigorievJérôme CollemareRosie E BradshawWe sequenced and compared the genomes of the Dothideomycete fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum (Cfu) (syn. Passalora fulva) and Dothistroma septosporum (Dse) that are closely related phylogenetically, but have different lifestyles and hosts. Although both fungi grow extracellularly in close contact with host mesophyll cells, Cfu is a biotroph infecting tomato, while Dse is a hemibiotroph infecting pine. The genomes of these fungi have a similar set of genes (70% of gene content in both genomes are homologs), but differ significantly in size (Cfu >61.1-Mb; Dse 31.2-Mb), which is mainly due to the difference in repeat content (47.2% in Cfu versus 3.2% in Dse). Recent adaptation to different lifestyles and hosts is suggested by diverged sets of genes. Cfu contains an α-tomatinase gene that we predict might be required for detoxification of tomatine, while this gene is absent in Dse. Many genes encoding secreted proteins are unique to each species and the repeat-rich areas in Cfu are enriched for these species-specific genes. In contrast, conserved genes suggest common host ancestry. Homologs of Cfu effector genes, including Ecp2 and Avr4, are present in Dse and induce a Cf-Ecp2- and Cf-4-mediated hypersensitive response, respectively. Strikingly, genes involved in production of the toxin dothistromin, a likely virulence factor for Dse, are conserved in Cfu, but their expression differs markedly with essentially no expression by Cfu in planta. Likewise, Cfu has a carbohydrate-degrading enzyme catalog that is more similar to that of necrotrophs or hemibiotrophs and a larger pectinolytic gene arsenal than Dse, but many of these genes are not expressed in planta or are pseudogenized. Overall, comparison of their genomes suggests that these closely related plant pathogens had a common ancestral host but since adapted to different hosts and lifestyles by a combination of differentiated gene content, pseudogenization, and gene regulation.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3510045?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Pierre J G M de Wit Ate van der Burgt Bilal Ökmen Ioannis Stergiopoulos Kamel A Abd-Elsalam Andrea L Aerts Ali H Bahkali Henriek G Beenen Pranav Chettri Murray P Cox Erwin Datema Ronald P de Vries Braham Dhillon Austen R Ganley Scott A Griffiths Yanan Guo Richard C Hamelin Bernard Henrissat M Shahjahan Kabir Mansoor Karimi Jashni Gert Kema Sylvia Klaubauf Alla Lapidus Anthony Levasseur Erika Lindquist Rahim Mehrabi Robin A Ohm Timothy J Owen Asaf Salamov Arne Schwelm Elio Schijlen Hui Sun Harrold A van den Burg Roeland C H J van Ham Shuguang Zhang Stephen B Goodwin Igor V Grigoriev Jérôme Collemare Rosie E Bradshaw The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry. PLoS Genetics |
| title | The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry. |
| title_full | The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry. |
| title_fullStr | The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry. |
| title_short | The genomes of the fungal plant pathogens Cladosporium fulvum and Dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry. |
| title_sort | genomes of the fungal plant pathogens cladosporium fulvum and dothistroma septosporum reveal adaptation to different hosts and lifestyles but also signatures of common ancestry |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3510045?pdf=render |
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