The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue Injuries
Composite tissue injuries (CTI) are common among US Military Service members during combat operations, and carry a high potential of morbidity. Furthermore, CTI are often complicated due to an altered wound healing response, resulting in part from a dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune re...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13552 |
| _version_ | 1797503766913613824 |
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| author | Naveena B. Janakiram Michael S. Valerio Stephen M. Goldman Christopher L. Dearth |
| author_facet | Naveena B. Janakiram Michael S. Valerio Stephen M. Goldman Christopher L. Dearth |
| author_sort | Naveena B. Janakiram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Composite tissue injuries (CTI) are common among US Military Service members during combat operations, and carry a high potential of morbidity. Furthermore, CTI are often complicated due to an altered wound healing response, resulting in part from a dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Unlike normal wound healing, in CTI, disruptions occur in innate immune responses, altering neutrophil functions, macrophage activation and polarization, further impacting the functions of T regulatory cells. Additionally, the biological underpinnings of these unfavorable wound healing conditions are multifactorial, including various processes, such as: ischemia, hypoxia, low nutrient levels, and altered cell metabolic pathways, among others, all of which are thought to trigger anergy in immune cells and destabilize adaptive immune responses. As a result, impaired wound healing is common in CTI. Herein, we review the altered innate and adaptive immune cells and their metabolic status and responses following CTI, and discuss the role a multi-pronged immunomodulatory approach may play in facilitating improved outcomes for afflicted patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:55:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4619ac0a36441fa88bd828a58afdb19 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:55:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4619ac0a36441fa88bd828a58afdb192023-11-23T08:48:02ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-12-0122241355210.3390/ijms222413552The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue InjuriesNaveena B. Janakiram0Michael S. Valerio1Stephen M. Goldman2Christopher L. Dearth3Research & Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD 20889, USAResearch & Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD 20889, USAResearch & Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD 20889, USAResearch & Surveillance Division, DoD-VA Extremity Trauma and Amputation Center of Excellence, Bethesda, MD 20889, USAComposite tissue injuries (CTI) are common among US Military Service members during combat operations, and carry a high potential of morbidity. Furthermore, CTI are often complicated due to an altered wound healing response, resulting in part from a dysregulation of the innate and adaptive immune responses. Unlike normal wound healing, in CTI, disruptions occur in innate immune responses, altering neutrophil functions, macrophage activation and polarization, further impacting the functions of T regulatory cells. Additionally, the biological underpinnings of these unfavorable wound healing conditions are multifactorial, including various processes, such as: ischemia, hypoxia, low nutrient levels, and altered cell metabolic pathways, among others, all of which are thought to trigger anergy in immune cells and destabilize adaptive immune responses. As a result, impaired wound healing is common in CTI. Herein, we review the altered innate and adaptive immune cells and their metabolic status and responses following CTI, and discuss the role a multi-pronged immunomodulatory approach may play in facilitating improved outcomes for afflicted patients.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13552wound healingtissue regenerationinflammationimmunomodulationmilitary medicinecomposite musculoskeletal trauma |
| spellingShingle | Naveena B. Janakiram Michael S. Valerio Stephen M. Goldman Christopher L. Dearth The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue Injuries International Journal of Molecular Sciences wound healing tissue regeneration inflammation immunomodulation military medicine composite musculoskeletal trauma |
| title | The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue Injuries |
| title_full | The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue Injuries |
| title_fullStr | The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue Injuries |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue Injuries |
| title_short | The Role of the Inflammatory Response in Mediating Functional Recovery Following Composite Tissue Injuries |
| title_sort | role of the inflammatory response in mediating functional recovery following composite tissue injuries |
| topic | wound healing tissue regeneration inflammation immunomodulation military medicine composite musculoskeletal trauma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/24/13552 |
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