Total <i>Sn</i>-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats
In this study, the impact of <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic triacyclglycerols (TAGs) in combination with their ratio of two major TAGs (1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) to 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO)) in human milk fat substitute (HMFS) on bile acid (BA) metabolism and int...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/23/4929 |
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| author | Lin Zhu Shuaizhen Fang Hong Zhang Xiangjun Sun Puyu Yang Jianchun Wan Yaqiong Zhang Weiying Lu Liangli Yu |
| author_facet | Lin Zhu Shuaizhen Fang Hong Zhang Xiangjun Sun Puyu Yang Jianchun Wan Yaqiong Zhang Weiying Lu Liangli Yu |
| author_sort | Lin Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, the impact of <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic triacyclglycerols (TAGs) in combination with their ratio of two major TAGs (1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) to 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO)) in human milk fat substitute (HMFS) on bile acid (BA) metabolism and intestinal microbiota composition was investigated in newly-weaned Sprague–Dawley rats after four weeks of high-fat feeding. Compared to those of control group rats, HMFS-fed rats had significantly increased contents of six hepatic primary BAs (CDCA, αMCA, βMCA, TCDCA, TαMCA and TβMCA), four ileal primary BAs (UDCA, TCA, TCDCA and TUDCA) and three secondary BAs (DCA, LCA and ωMCA), especially for the HMFS with the highest <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic acid TAGs of 57.9% and OPL to OPO ratio of 1.4. Meanwhile, the inhibition of ileal FXR-FGF15 and activation of TGR5-GLP-1 signaling pathways in HMFS-fed rats were accompanied by the increased levels of enzymes involved in BA synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1 and CYP7B1) in the liver and two key thermogenic proteins (PGC1α and UCP1) in perirenal adipose tissue, respectively. Moreover, increasing <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic TAGs and OPL to OPO ratio in HMFS also altered the microbiota composition both on the phylum and genus level in rats, predominantly microbes associated with bile-salt hydrolase activity, short-chain fatty acid production and reduced obesity risk, which suggested a beneficial effect on host microbial ecosystem. These observations provided important nutritional evidence for developing new HMFS products for infants. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:45:20Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-d470a452537f463280d1ce37f1954c092023-12-08T15:23:22ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-11-011523492910.3390/nu15234929Total <i>Sn</i>-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in RatsLin Zhu0Shuaizhen Fang1Hong Zhang2Xiangjun Sun3Puyu Yang4Jianchun Wan5Yaqiong Zhang6Weiying Lu7Liangli Yu8Institute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaWilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaWilmar (Shanghai) Biotechnology Research & Development Center Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200137, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaInstitute of Food and Nutraceutical Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USAIn this study, the impact of <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic triacyclglycerols (TAGs) in combination with their ratio of two major TAGs (1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-3-linoleoylglycerol (OPL) to 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoylglycerol (OPO)) in human milk fat substitute (HMFS) on bile acid (BA) metabolism and intestinal microbiota composition was investigated in newly-weaned Sprague–Dawley rats after four weeks of high-fat feeding. Compared to those of control group rats, HMFS-fed rats had significantly increased contents of six hepatic primary BAs (CDCA, αMCA, βMCA, TCDCA, TαMCA and TβMCA), four ileal primary BAs (UDCA, TCA, TCDCA and TUDCA) and three secondary BAs (DCA, LCA and ωMCA), especially for the HMFS with the highest <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic acid TAGs of 57.9% and OPL to OPO ratio of 1.4. Meanwhile, the inhibition of ileal FXR-FGF15 and activation of TGR5-GLP-1 signaling pathways in HMFS-fed rats were accompanied by the increased levels of enzymes involved in BA synthesis (CYP7A1, CYP27A1 and CYP7B1) in the liver and two key thermogenic proteins (PGC1α and UCP1) in perirenal adipose tissue, respectively. Moreover, increasing <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic TAGs and OPL to OPO ratio in HMFS also altered the microbiota composition both on the phylum and genus level in rats, predominantly microbes associated with bile-salt hydrolase activity, short-chain fatty acid production and reduced obesity risk, which suggested a beneficial effect on host microbial ecosystem. These observations provided important nutritional evidence for developing new HMFS products for infants.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/23/4929<i>sn</i>-2 palmitic triacylglycerolshuman milk fat substituteBA metabolismFXRTGR5gut microbiota |
| spellingShingle | Lin Zhu Shuaizhen Fang Hong Zhang Xiangjun Sun Puyu Yang Jianchun Wan Yaqiong Zhang Weiying Lu Liangli Yu Total <i>Sn</i>-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats Nutrients <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic triacylglycerols human milk fat substitute BA metabolism FXR TGR5 gut microbiota |
| title | Total <i>Sn</i>-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_full | Total <i>Sn</i>-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Total <i>Sn</i>-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Total <i>Sn</i>-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_short | Total <i>Sn</i>-2 Palmitic Triacylglycerols and the Ratio of OPL to OPO in Human Milk Fat Substitute Modulated Bile Acid Metabolism and Intestinal Microbiota Composition in Rats |
| title_sort | total i sn i 2 palmitic triacylglycerols and the ratio of opl to opo in human milk fat substitute modulated bile acid metabolism and intestinal microbiota composition in rats |
| topic | <i>sn</i>-2 palmitic triacylglycerols human milk fat substitute BA metabolism FXR TGR5 gut microbiota |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/23/4929 |
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