Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which belong to the <i>Papillomaviridae</i> family, constitute a group of small nonenveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. HPV has a small genome that only encodes a few proteins, and it is also responsible for 5% of all human cancers, including cervical, va...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1818 |
| _version_ | 1797487201569734656 |
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| author | Daria A. Haręża Jacek R. Wilczyński Edyta Paradowska |
| author_facet | Daria A. Haręża Jacek R. Wilczyński Edyta Paradowska |
| author_sort | Daria A. Haręża |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), which belong to the <i>Papillomaviridae</i> family, constitute a group of small nonenveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. HPV has a small genome that only encodes a few proteins, and it is also responsible for 5% of all human cancers, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV types may be classified as high- and low-risk genotypes (HR-HPVs and LR-HPVs, respectively) according to their oncogenic potential. HR-HPV 16 and 18 are the most common types worldwide and are the primary types that are responsible for most HPV-related cancers. The activity of the viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which interfere with critical cell cycle points such as suppressive tumor protein p53 (p53) and retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is the major contributor to HPV-induced neoplastic initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. In addition, the E5 protein might also play a significant role in tumorigenesis. The role of HPV in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers is still not fully understood, which indicates a wide spectrum of potential research areas. This review focuses on HPV biology, the distribution of HPVs in gynecological cancers, the properties of viral oncoproteins, and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d47c562cdb774dcc917c8a5bca871f5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:44:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d47c562cdb774dcc917c8a5bca871f5b2023-11-23T16:47:15ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-02-01233181810.3390/ijms23031818Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral ProteinsDaria A. Haręża0Jacek R. Wilczyński1Edyta Paradowska2Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Surgical and Oncological Gynecology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, PolandLaboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 93-232 Lodz, PolandHuman papillomaviruses (HPVs), which belong to the <i>Papillomaviridae</i> family, constitute a group of small nonenveloped double-stranded DNA viruses. HPV has a small genome that only encodes a few proteins, and it is also responsible for 5% of all human cancers, including cervical, vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV types may be classified as high- and low-risk genotypes (HR-HPVs and LR-HPVs, respectively) according to their oncogenic potential. HR-HPV 16 and 18 are the most common types worldwide and are the primary types that are responsible for most HPV-related cancers. The activity of the viral E6 and E7 oncoproteins, which interfere with critical cell cycle points such as suppressive tumor protein p53 (p53) and retinoblastoma protein (pRB), is the major contributor to HPV-induced neoplastic initiation and progression of carcinogenesis. In addition, the E5 protein might also play a significant role in tumorigenesis. The role of HPV in the pathogenesis of gynecological cancers is still not fully understood, which indicates a wide spectrum of potential research areas. This review focuses on HPV biology, the distribution of HPVs in gynecological cancers, the properties of viral oncoproteins, and the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1818gynecological cancershuman papillomavirusoncoprotein |
| spellingShingle | Daria A. Haręża Jacek R. Wilczyński Edyta Paradowska Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins International Journal of Molecular Sciences gynecological cancers human papillomavirus oncoprotein |
| title | Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins |
| title_full | Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins |
| title_fullStr | Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins |
| title_short | Human Papillomaviruses as Infectious Agents in Gynecological Cancers. Oncogenic Properties of Viral Proteins |
| title_sort | human papillomaviruses as infectious agents in gynecological cancers oncogenic properties of viral proteins |
| topic | gynecological cancers human papillomavirus oncoprotein |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/3/1818 |
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