H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 are capable of mutating from low to high pathogenicity strains, causing high mortality in poultry with significant economic losses globally. During 2015, two outbreaks of H7N7 low pathogenicity AIV (LPAIV) in Germany, and one each in the United Kingdom...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/2/259 |
| _version_ | 1797412949865791488 |
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| author | Alexander M. P. Byrne Scott M. Reid Amanda H. Seekings Alejandro Núñez Ana B. Obeso Prieto Susan Ridout Caroline J. Warren Anita Puranik Vanessa Ceeraz Stephen Essen Marek J. Slomka Jill Banks Ian H. Brown Sharon M. Brookes |
| author_facet | Alexander M. P. Byrne Scott M. Reid Amanda H. Seekings Alejandro Núñez Ana B. Obeso Prieto Susan Ridout Caroline J. Warren Anita Puranik Vanessa Ceeraz Stephen Essen Marek J. Slomka Jill Banks Ian H. Brown Sharon M. Brookes |
| author_sort | Alexander M. P. Byrne |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 are capable of mutating from low to high pathogenicity strains, causing high mortality in poultry with significant economic losses globally. During 2015, two outbreaks of H7N7 low pathogenicity AIV (LPAIV) in Germany, and one each in the United Kingdom (UK) and The Netherlands occurred, as well as single outbreaks of H7N7 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV) in Germany and the UK. Both HPAIV outbreaks were linked to precursor H7N7 LPAIV outbreaks on the same or adjacent premises. Herein, we describe the clinical, epidemiological, and virological investigations for the H7N7 UK HPAIV outbreak on a farm with layer chickens in mixed free-range and caged units. H7N7 HPAIV was identified and isolated from clinical samples, as well as H7N7 LPAIV, which could not be isolated. Using serological and molecular evidence, we postulate how the viruses spread throughout the premises, indicating potential points of incursion and possible locations for the mutation event. Serological and mortality data suggested that the LPAIV infection preceded the HPAIV infection and afforded some clinical protection against the HPAIV. These results document the identification of a LPAIV to HPAIV mutation in nature, providing insights into factors that drive its manifestation during outbreaks. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:10:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4835c44ba824ebcb186186749497818 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:10:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4835c44ba824ebcb1861867494978182023-12-03T12:50:42ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-02-0113225910.3390/v13020259H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UKAlexander M. P. Byrne0Scott M. Reid1Amanda H. Seekings2Alejandro Núñez3Ana B. Obeso Prieto4Susan Ridout5Caroline J. Warren6Anita Puranik7Vanessa Ceeraz8Stephen Essen9Marek J. Slomka10Jill Banks11Ian H. Brown12Sharon M. Brookes13Department of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKPathology and Animal Sciences, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKField Delivery, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Manchester, Manchester Airport, Manchester M90 5PZ, UKField Delivery, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Crewe, Hornbeam House, Electra Way, Crewe, Cheshire CW1 6GJ, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKDepartment of Virology, Animal and Plant Health Agency-Weybridge, Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UKAvian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5 and H7 are capable of mutating from low to high pathogenicity strains, causing high mortality in poultry with significant economic losses globally. During 2015, two outbreaks of H7N7 low pathogenicity AIV (LPAIV) in Germany, and one each in the United Kingdom (UK) and The Netherlands occurred, as well as single outbreaks of H7N7 high pathogenicity AIV (HPAIV) in Germany and the UK. Both HPAIV outbreaks were linked to precursor H7N7 LPAIV outbreaks on the same or adjacent premises. Herein, we describe the clinical, epidemiological, and virological investigations for the H7N7 UK HPAIV outbreak on a farm with layer chickens in mixed free-range and caged units. H7N7 HPAIV was identified and isolated from clinical samples, as well as H7N7 LPAIV, which could not be isolated. Using serological and molecular evidence, we postulate how the viruses spread throughout the premises, indicating potential points of incursion and possible locations for the mutation event. Serological and mortality data suggested that the LPAIV infection preceded the HPAIV infection and afforded some clinical protection against the HPAIV. These results document the identification of a LPAIV to HPAIV mutation in nature, providing insights into factors that drive its manifestation during outbreaks.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/2/259H7avian influenzaoutbreaklow pathogenicityhigh pathogenicitypoultry |
| spellingShingle | Alexander M. P. Byrne Scott M. Reid Amanda H. Seekings Alejandro Núñez Ana B. Obeso Prieto Susan Ridout Caroline J. Warren Anita Puranik Vanessa Ceeraz Stephen Essen Marek J. Slomka Jill Banks Ian H. Brown Sharon M. Brookes H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK Viruses H7 avian influenza outbreak low pathogenicity high pathogenicity poultry |
| title | H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK |
| title_full | H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK |
| title_fullStr | H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK |
| title_full_unstemmed | H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK |
| title_short | H7N7 Avian Influenza Virus Mutation from Low to High Pathogenicity on a Layer Chicken Farm in the UK |
| title_sort | h7n7 avian influenza virus mutation from low to high pathogenicity on a layer chicken farm in the uk |
| topic | H7 avian influenza outbreak low pathogenicity high pathogenicity poultry |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/2/259 |
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