The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses
The use of dietary supplements has become increasingly common over the past 20 years. Whereas supplements were formerly used mainly by elite athletes, age and fitness status no longer dictates who uses these substances. Indeed, many nutritional supplements are recommended by health care professional...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/751 |
| _version_ | 1797395125872099328 |
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| author | Eric C. Bredahl Joan M. Eckerson Steven M. Tracy Thomas L. McDonald Kristen M. Drescher |
| author_facet | Eric C. Bredahl Joan M. Eckerson Steven M. Tracy Thomas L. McDonald Kristen M. Drescher |
| author_sort | Eric C. Bredahl |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of dietary supplements has become increasingly common over the past 20 years. Whereas supplements were formerly used mainly by elite athletes, age and fitness status no longer dictates who uses these substances. Indeed, many nutritional supplements are recommended by health care professionals to their patients. Creatine (CR) is a widely used dietary supplement that has been well-studied for its effects on performance and health. CR also aids in recovery from strenuous bouts of exercise by reducing inflammation. Although CR is considered to be very safe in recommended doses, a caveat is that a preponderance of the studies have focused upon young athletic individuals; thus there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of CR on children or the elderly. In this review, we examine the potential of CR to impact the host outside of the musculoskeletal system, specifically, the immune system, and discuss the available data demonstrating that CR can impact both innate and adaptive immune responses, together with how the effects on the immune system might be exploited to enhance human health. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:30:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d484ababe5764a7480407f94d697531f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:30:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-d484ababe5764a7480407f94d697531f2023-12-11T18:35:10ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-02-0113375110.3390/nu13030751The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune ResponsesEric C. Bredahl0Joan M. Eckerson1Steven M. Tracy2Thomas L. McDonald3Kristen M. Drescher4Department of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USADepartment of Exercise Science and Pre-Health Professions, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USADepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USADepartment of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USAThe use of dietary supplements has become increasingly common over the past 20 years. Whereas supplements were formerly used mainly by elite athletes, age and fitness status no longer dictates who uses these substances. Indeed, many nutritional supplements are recommended by health care professionals to their patients. Creatine (CR) is a widely used dietary supplement that has been well-studied for its effects on performance and health. CR also aids in recovery from strenuous bouts of exercise by reducing inflammation. Although CR is considered to be very safe in recommended doses, a caveat is that a preponderance of the studies have focused upon young athletic individuals; thus there is limited knowledge regarding the effects of CR on children or the elderly. In this review, we examine the potential of CR to impact the host outside of the musculoskeletal system, specifically, the immune system, and discuss the available data demonstrating that CR can impact both innate and adaptive immune responses, together with how the effects on the immune system might be exploited to enhance human health.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/751innate immunityadaptive immunitynutritional supplementsinflammationmacrophage polarizationcytotoxic T cells |
| spellingShingle | Eric C. Bredahl Joan M. Eckerson Steven M. Tracy Thomas L. McDonald Kristen M. Drescher The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses Nutrients innate immunity adaptive immunity nutritional supplements inflammation macrophage polarization cytotoxic T cells |
| title | The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses |
| title_full | The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses |
| title_fullStr | The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses |
| title_short | The Role of Creatine in the Development and Activation of Immune Responses |
| title_sort | role of creatine in the development and activation of immune responses |
| topic | innate immunity adaptive immunity nutritional supplements inflammation macrophage polarization cytotoxic T cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/3/751 |
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