The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) develops in two stages namely early stage when trypanosomes are found in the blood and late stage when trypanosomes are found in the central nervous system (CNS). The two environments are different with CNS environment reported as being hostile to the...
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| Format: | Article |
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F1000 Research Ltd
2023-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://f1000research.com/articles/11-260/v2 |
| _version_ | 1797373095441334272 |
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| author | Purity Gitonga Paul Okumu Raymond Mdachi Samuel Guya Joanna Auma John Kagira Geoffrey Ngae Paul Mireji Kariuki Ndungu Grace Murilla John Thuita |
| author_facet | Purity Gitonga Paul Okumu Raymond Mdachi Samuel Guya Joanna Auma John Kagira Geoffrey Ngae Paul Mireji Kariuki Ndungu Grace Murilla John Thuita |
| author_sort | Purity Gitonga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) develops in two stages namely early stage when trypanosomes are found in the blood and late stage when trypanosomes are found in the central nervous system (CNS). The two environments are different with CNS environment reported as being hostile to the trypanosomes than the blood environment. The clinical symptoms manifested by the disease in the two environments are different. Information on whether blood stream are pathologically different from CNS trypanosomes is lacking. This study undertook to compare the inter-isolate pathological differences caused by bloodstream forms (BSF) and central nervous system (CNS) of five Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) isolates in Swiss white mice. Methods: Donor mice infected with each of the five isolates were euthanized at 21 days post infection (DPI) for recovery of BSF trypanosomes in heart blood and CNS trypanosomes in brain supernatants. Groups of Swiss white mice (n = 10) were then infected with BSF or CNS forms of each isolate and monitored for parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight, survivorship, trypanosome length, gross and histopathology characteristics. Results: Amplification of SRA gene prior to trypanosome morphology and pathogenicity studies confirmed all isolates as T. b. rhodesiense. At 21 DPI, CNS trypanosomes were predominantly long slender (LS) while BSF were a mixture of short stumpy and intermediate forms. The density of BSF trypanosomes was on average 2-3 log-scales greater than that of CNS trypanosomes with isolate KETRI 2656 having the highest CNS trypanosome density. Conclusions: The pathogenicity study revealed clear differences in the virulence/pathogenicity of the five (5) isolates but no distinct and consistent differences between CNS and BSF forms of the same isolate. We also identified KETRI 2656 as a suitable isolate for acute menigo- encephalitic studies. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2046-1402 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T18:44:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d48f0677087540e0a1c877bbf8e104522023-12-29T01:00:02ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022023-11-0111156734The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]Purity Gitonga0Paul Okumu1Raymond Mdachi2Samuel Guya3Joanna Auma4John Kagira5Geoffrey Ngae6Paul Mireji7https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7965-2428Kariuki Ndungu8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4640-5914Grace Murilla9John Thuita10Biochemistry, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, P.O. Box 362 -00902, KenyaVeterinary Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197-00100, KenyaBiochemistry, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, P.O. Box 362 -00902, KenyaBiochemistry, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, P.O. Box 362 -00902, KenyaBiochemistry, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, P.O. Box 362 -00902, KenyaAnimal Science, Jomo Keyatta University of Science and Technology, Nairobi, P.O. Box 62000–00200, KenyaFood Crops Research Institute, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, P. O. Box 30148-00200, KenyaBioinformatics, Centre for Geographic Medicine Research, Kilifi, P. O. Box 428-80108, KenyaBiochemistry, Kenya Agricultural and Livestock Research Organization, Nairobi, P.O. Box 362 -00902, KenyaAdministration, KAG East University, Nairobi, P.O.BOX 46328-00100, KenyaAnimal Science, Meru University of Science and Technology, Meru, P.O Box, 972-60200, KenyaBackground: Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) develops in two stages namely early stage when trypanosomes are found in the blood and late stage when trypanosomes are found in the central nervous system (CNS). The two environments are different with CNS environment reported as being hostile to the trypanosomes than the blood environment. The clinical symptoms manifested by the disease in the two environments are different. Information on whether blood stream are pathologically different from CNS trypanosomes is lacking. This study undertook to compare the inter-isolate pathological differences caused by bloodstream forms (BSF) and central nervous system (CNS) of five Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (Tbr) isolates in Swiss white mice. Methods: Donor mice infected with each of the five isolates were euthanized at 21 days post infection (DPI) for recovery of BSF trypanosomes in heart blood and CNS trypanosomes in brain supernatants. Groups of Swiss white mice (n = 10) were then infected with BSF or CNS forms of each isolate and monitored for parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), body weight, survivorship, trypanosome length, gross and histopathology characteristics. Results: Amplification of SRA gene prior to trypanosome morphology and pathogenicity studies confirmed all isolates as T. b. rhodesiense. At 21 DPI, CNS trypanosomes were predominantly long slender (LS) while BSF were a mixture of short stumpy and intermediate forms. The density of BSF trypanosomes was on average 2-3 log-scales greater than that of CNS trypanosomes with isolate KETRI 2656 having the highest CNS trypanosome density. Conclusions: The pathogenicity study revealed clear differences in the virulence/pathogenicity of the five (5) isolates but no distinct and consistent differences between CNS and BSF forms of the same isolate. We also identified KETRI 2656 as a suitable isolate for acute menigo- encephalitic studies.https://f1000research.com/articles/11-260/v2Trypanosoma rhodesiense BSF CNS Morphology pathogenicity.eng |
| spellingShingle | Purity Gitonga Paul Okumu Raymond Mdachi Samuel Guya Joanna Auma John Kagira Geoffrey Ngae Paul Mireji Kariuki Ndungu Grace Murilla John Thuita The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] F1000Research Trypanosoma rhodesiense BSF CNS Morphology pathogenicity. eng |
| title | The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full | The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_fullStr | The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_short | The pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice: a comparative study [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_sort | pathogenicity of blood stream and central nervous system forms of trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense trypanosomes in laboratory mice a comparative study version 2 peer review 2 approved |
| topic | Trypanosoma rhodesiense BSF CNS Morphology pathogenicity. eng |
| url | https://f1000research.com/articles/11-260/v2 |
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