Alkaline Dilution Alters Sperm Motility in Dairy Goat by Affecting sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Activity
In dairy goat farming, increasing the female kid rate is beneficial to milk production and is, therefore, economically beneficial to farms. Our previous study demonstrated that alkaline incubation enriched the concentration of X-chromosome-bearing sperm; however, the mechanism by which pH affects th...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1771 |
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| author | Qifu He Feng Gao Shenghui Wu Shaowen Wang Zhiming Xu Xuerui Xu Tianyang Lan Kang Zhang Fusheng Quan |
| author_facet | Qifu He Feng Gao Shenghui Wu Shaowen Wang Zhiming Xu Xuerui Xu Tianyang Lan Kang Zhang Fusheng Quan |
| author_sort | Qifu He |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In dairy goat farming, increasing the female kid rate is beneficial to milk production and is, therefore, economically beneficial to farms. Our previous study demonstrated that alkaline incubation enriched the concentration of X-chromosome-bearing sperm; however, the mechanism by which pH affects the motility of X-chromosome-bearing sperm remains unclear. In this study, we explored this mechanism by incubating dairy goat sperm in alkaline dilutions, examining the pattern of changes in sperm internal pH and Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations and investigating the role of the sAC/cAMP/PKA pathway in influencing sperm motility. The results showed that adding a calcium channel inhibitor during incubation resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in the proportion of spermatozoa with forward motility, and the sperm sAC protein activity was positively correlated with the calcium ion concentration (r = 0.9972). The total motility activity, proportion of forward motility, and proportion of X-chromosome-bearing sperm decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when cAMP/PKA protease activity was inhibited. Meanwhile, the enrichment of X-chromosome-bearing sperm by pH did not affect the sperm capacitation state. These results indicate that alkaline dilution incubation reduces Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry into X-sperm and the motility was slowed down through the sAC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, providing a theoretical foundation for further optimization of the sex control method. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:17:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d49141cf9ad248c98f38f92062e8d16e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:17:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-d49141cf9ad248c98f38f92062e8d16e2023-11-30T22:45:23ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-01-01242177110.3390/ijms24021771Alkaline Dilution Alters Sperm Motility in Dairy Goat by Affecting sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway ActivityQifu He0Feng Gao1Shenghui Wu2Shaowen Wang3Zhiming Xu4Xuerui Xu5Tianyang Lan6Kang Zhang7Fusheng Quan8College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, ChinaIn dairy goat farming, increasing the female kid rate is beneficial to milk production and is, therefore, economically beneficial to farms. Our previous study demonstrated that alkaline incubation enriched the concentration of X-chromosome-bearing sperm; however, the mechanism by which pH affects the motility of X-chromosome-bearing sperm remains unclear. In this study, we explored this mechanism by incubating dairy goat sperm in alkaline dilutions, examining the pattern of changes in sperm internal pH and Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentrations and investigating the role of the sAC/cAMP/PKA pathway in influencing sperm motility. The results showed that adding a calcium channel inhibitor during incubation resulted in a concentration-dependent decrease in the proportion of spermatozoa with forward motility, and the sperm sAC protein activity was positively correlated with the calcium ion concentration (r = 0.9972). The total motility activity, proportion of forward motility, and proportion of X-chromosome-bearing sperm decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05) when cAMP/PKA protease activity was inhibited. Meanwhile, the enrichment of X-chromosome-bearing sperm by pH did not affect the sperm capacitation state. These results indicate that alkaline dilution incubation reduces Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry into X-sperm and the motility was slowed down through the sAC/cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, providing a theoretical foundation for further optimization of the sex control method.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1771spermpHCa<sup>2+</sup>sAC/cAMP/PKAdairy goat |
| spellingShingle | Qifu He Feng Gao Shenghui Wu Shaowen Wang Zhiming Xu Xuerui Xu Tianyang Lan Kang Zhang Fusheng Quan Alkaline Dilution Alters Sperm Motility in Dairy Goat by Affecting sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Activity International Journal of Molecular Sciences sperm pH Ca<sup>2+</sup> sAC/cAMP/PKA dairy goat |
| title | Alkaline Dilution Alters Sperm Motility in Dairy Goat by Affecting sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Activity |
| title_full | Alkaline Dilution Alters Sperm Motility in Dairy Goat by Affecting sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Activity |
| title_fullStr | Alkaline Dilution Alters Sperm Motility in Dairy Goat by Affecting sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Alkaline Dilution Alters Sperm Motility in Dairy Goat by Affecting sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Activity |
| title_short | Alkaline Dilution Alters Sperm Motility in Dairy Goat by Affecting sAC/cAMP/PKA Pathway Activity |
| title_sort | alkaline dilution alters sperm motility in dairy goat by affecting sac camp pka pathway activity |
| topic | sperm pH Ca<sup>2+</sup> sAC/cAMP/PKA dairy goat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/2/1771 |
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