Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using magnesium and sodium lignosulfonates (LS) in the production of particleboards, used pure and in mixtures with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) was used as a crosslinker. In order to eva...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-08-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/17/4875 |
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| author | Pavlo Bekhta Gregory Noshchenko Roman Réh Lubos Kristak Ján Sedliačik Petar Antov Radosław Mirski Viktor Savov |
| author_facet | Pavlo Bekhta Gregory Noshchenko Roman Réh Lubos Kristak Ján Sedliačik Petar Antov Radosław Mirski Viktor Savov |
| author_sort | Pavlo Bekhta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using magnesium and sodium lignosulfonates (LS) in the production of particleboards, used pure and in mixtures with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) was used as a crosslinker. In order to evaluate the effect of gradual replacement of UF by magnesium lignosulfonate (MgLS) or sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) on the physical and mechanical properties, boards were manufactured in the laboratory with LS content varying from 0% to 100%. The effect of LS on the pH of lignosulfonate-urea-formaldehyde (LS-UF) adhesive compositions was also investigated. It was found that LS can be effectively used to adjust the pH of uncured and cured LS-UF formulations. Particleboards bonded with LS-UF adhesive formulations, comprising up to 30% LS, exhibited similar properties when compared to boards bonded with UF adhesive. The replacement of UF by both LS types substantially deteriorated the water absorption and thickness swelling of boards. In general, NaLS-UF-bonded boards had a lower formaldehyde content (FC) than MgLS-UF and UF-bonded boards as control. It was observed that in the process of manufacturing boards using LS adhesives, increasing the proportion of pMDI in the adhesive composition can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the boards. Overall, the boards fabricated using pure UF adhesives exhibited much better mechanical properties than boards bonded with LS adhesives. Markedly, the boards based on LS adhesives were characterised by a much lower FC than the UF-bonded boards. In the LS-bonded boards, the FC is lower by 91.1% and 56.9%, respectively, compared to the UF-bonded boards. The boards bonded with LS and pMDI had a close-to-zero FC and reached the super E0 emission class (≤1.5 mg/100 g) that allows for defining the laboratory-manufactured particleboards as eco-friendly composites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:09:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4a9d76297cd42448ed927615e2d9b41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T08:09:10Z |
| publishDate | 2021-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4a9d76297cd42448ed927615e2d9b412023-11-22T10:52:57ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442021-08-011417487510.3390/ma14174875Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a CrosslinkerPavlo Bekhta0Gregory Noshchenko1Roman Réh2Lubos Kristak3Ján Sedliačik4Petar Antov5Radosław Mirski6Viktor Savov7Department of Wood-Based Composites, Cellulose and Paper, Ukrainian National Forestry University, 79057 Lviv, UkraineDepartment of Chemistry, Ukrainian National Forestry University, 79057 Lviv, UkraineFaculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaFaculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaFaculty of Wood Sciences and Technology, Technical University in Zvolen, 960 01 Zvolen, SlovakiaFaculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Wood-Based Materials, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-627 Poznań, PolandFaculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797 Sofia, BulgariaThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using magnesium and sodium lignosulfonates (LS) in the production of particleboards, used pure and in mixtures with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin. Polymeric 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (pMDI) was used as a crosslinker. In order to evaluate the effect of gradual replacement of UF by magnesium lignosulfonate (MgLS) or sodium lignosulfonate (NaLS) on the physical and mechanical properties, boards were manufactured in the laboratory with LS content varying from 0% to 100%. The effect of LS on the pH of lignosulfonate-urea-formaldehyde (LS-UF) adhesive compositions was also investigated. It was found that LS can be effectively used to adjust the pH of uncured and cured LS-UF formulations. Particleboards bonded with LS-UF adhesive formulations, comprising up to 30% LS, exhibited similar properties when compared to boards bonded with UF adhesive. The replacement of UF by both LS types substantially deteriorated the water absorption and thickness swelling of boards. In general, NaLS-UF-bonded boards had a lower formaldehyde content (FC) than MgLS-UF and UF-bonded boards as control. It was observed that in the process of manufacturing boards using LS adhesives, increasing the proportion of pMDI in the adhesive composition can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the boards. Overall, the boards fabricated using pure UF adhesives exhibited much better mechanical properties than boards bonded with LS adhesives. Markedly, the boards based on LS adhesives were characterised by a much lower FC than the UF-bonded boards. In the LS-bonded boards, the FC is lower by 91.1% and 56.9%, respectively, compared to the UF-bonded boards. The boards bonded with LS and pMDI had a close-to-zero FC and reached the super E0 emission class (≤1.5 mg/100 g) that allows for defining the laboratory-manufactured particleboards as eco-friendly composites.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/17/4875magnesium lignosulfonatesodium lignosulfonatebio-based adhesivesurea formaldehyde resinwood-based compositesparticleboards |
| spellingShingle | Pavlo Bekhta Gregory Noshchenko Roman Réh Lubos Kristak Ján Sedliačik Petar Antov Radosław Mirski Viktor Savov Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker Materials magnesium lignosulfonate sodium lignosulfonate bio-based adhesives urea formaldehyde resin wood-based composites particleboards |
| title | Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker |
| title_full | Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker |
| title_fullStr | Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker |
| title_full_unstemmed | Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker |
| title_short | Properties of Eco-Friendly Particleboards Bonded with Lignosulfonate-Urea-Formaldehyde Adhesives and pMDI as a Crosslinker |
| title_sort | properties of eco friendly particleboards bonded with lignosulfonate urea formaldehyde adhesives and pmdi as a crosslinker |
| topic | magnesium lignosulfonate sodium lignosulfonate bio-based adhesives urea formaldehyde resin wood-based composites particleboards |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/17/4875 |
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