Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography
Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on a host cell for replication and survival. Consequently, to fully understand the viral processes involved in infection and replication, it is fundamental to study them in the cellular context. Often, viral infections induce significant changes in the subc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2109 |
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| author | Damià Garriga Francisco Javier Chichón Bárbara M. Calisto Diego S. Ferrero Pablo Gastaminza Eva Pereiro Ana Joaquina Pérez-Berna |
| author_facet | Damià Garriga Francisco Javier Chichón Bárbara M. Calisto Diego S. Ferrero Pablo Gastaminza Eva Pereiro Ana Joaquina Pérez-Berna |
| author_sort | Damià Garriga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viruses are obligate parasites that depend on a host cell for replication and survival. Consequently, to fully understand the viral processes involved in infection and replication, it is fundamental to study them in the cellular context. Often, viral infections induce significant changes in the subcellular organization of the host cell due to the formation of viral factories, alteration of cell cytoskeleton and/or budding of newly formed particles. Accurate 3D mapping of organelle reorganization in infected cells can thus provide valuable information for both basic virus research and antiviral drug development. Among the available techniques for 3D cell imaging, cryo–soft X-ray tomography stands out for its large depth of view (allowing for 10 µm thick biological samples to be imaged without further thinning), its resolution (about 50 nm for tomographies, sufficient to detect viral particles), the minimal requirements for sample manipulation (can be used on frozen, unfixed and unstained whole cells) and the potential to be combined with other techniques (i.e., correlative fluorescence microscopy). In this review we describe the fundamentals of cryo–soft X-ray tomography, its sample requirements, its advantages and its limitations. To highlight the potential of this technique, examples of virus research performed at BL09-MISTRAL beamline in ALBA synchrotron are also presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4acd68852084dee8afed4bb2eeccdfa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4acd68852084dee8afed4bb2eeccdfa2023-11-23T01:54:57ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-10-011311210910.3390/v13112109Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray TomographyDamià Garriga0Francisco Javier Chichón1Bárbara M. Calisto2Diego S. Ferrero3Pablo Gastaminza4Eva Pereiro5Ana Joaquina Pérez-Berna6ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, SpainCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, SpainALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, SpainInstitut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, SpainCentro Nacional de Biotecnología, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28049 Madrid, SpainALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, SpainALBA Synchrotron Light Source, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, SpainViruses are obligate parasites that depend on a host cell for replication and survival. Consequently, to fully understand the viral processes involved in infection and replication, it is fundamental to study them in the cellular context. Often, viral infections induce significant changes in the subcellular organization of the host cell due to the formation of viral factories, alteration of cell cytoskeleton and/or budding of newly formed particles. Accurate 3D mapping of organelle reorganization in infected cells can thus provide valuable information for both basic virus research and antiviral drug development. Among the available techniques for 3D cell imaging, cryo–soft X-ray tomography stands out for its large depth of view (allowing for 10 µm thick biological samples to be imaged without further thinning), its resolution (about 50 nm for tomographies, sufficient to detect viral particles), the minimal requirements for sample manipulation (can be used on frozen, unfixed and unstained whole cells) and the potential to be combined with other techniques (i.e., correlative fluorescence microscopy). In this review we describe the fundamentals of cryo–soft X-ray tomography, its sample requirements, its advantages and its limitations. To highlight the potential of this technique, examples of virus research performed at BL09-MISTRAL beamline in ALBA synchrotron are also presented.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2109cryo–soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT)hepatitis C virus (HCV)vaccinia virus (VACV)Zika virus (ZIKV)direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) |
| spellingShingle | Damià Garriga Francisco Javier Chichón Bárbara M. Calisto Diego S. Ferrero Pablo Gastaminza Eva Pereiro Ana Joaquina Pérez-Berna Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography Viruses cryo–soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccinia virus (VACV) Zika virus (ZIKV) direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) |
| title | Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography |
| title_full | Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography |
| title_fullStr | Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography |
| title_full_unstemmed | Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography |
| title_short | Imaging of Virus-Infected Cells with Soft X-ray Tomography |
| title_sort | imaging of virus infected cells with soft x ray tomography |
| topic | cryo–soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccinia virus (VACV) Zika virus (ZIKV) direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2109 |
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