Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis
Concerns about resistance development to conventional insecticides in diamondback moth (DBM) <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.)<i>,</i> the most destructive pest of <i>Brassica</i> vegetables, have stimulated interest in alternative pest management strategies. The to...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/3/227 |
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| author | Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir Ling He Changlong Shu Fei Yin Jie Zhang Zhen-Yu Li |
| author_facet | Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir Ling He Changlong Shu Fei Yin Jie Zhang Zhen-Yu Li |
| author_sort | Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Concerns about resistance development to conventional insecticides in diamondback moth (DBM) <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.)<i>,</i> the most destructive pest of <i>Brassica</i> vegetables, have stimulated interest in alternative pest management strategies. The toxicity of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>aizawai</i> (Bt GO33A) combined with chlorantraniliprole (Chl) has not been documented. Here, we examined single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bt to assess the levels of resistance in four DBM strains. Additionally, enzyme activities were tested in field-original highly resistant (FOH-DBM), Bt-resistant (Bt-DBM), chlorantraniliprole-resistant (CL-DBM), and Bt + chlorantraniliprole-resistant (BtC-DBM) strains. The Bt product had the highest toxicity to all four DBM strains followed by the mixture of insecticides (Bt + Chl) and chlorantraniliprole. Synergism between Bt and chlorantraniliprole was observed; the combination of Bt + (Bt + Chl) (1:1, LC<sub>50</sub>:LC<sub>50</sub>) was the most toxic, showing a synergistic effect against all four DBM strains with a poison ratio of 1.35, 1.29, 1.27, and 1.25. Glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase (GST) and carboxyl-esterase (CarE) activities showed positive correlations with chlorantraniliprole resistance, but no correlation was observed with resistance to Bt and Bt + Chl insecticides. Expression of genes coding for PxGST, CarE, AChE, and MFO using qRT-PCR showed that the PxGST and MFO were significantly overexpressed in Bt-DBM. However, AChE and CarE showed no difference in the four DBM strains. Mixtures of Bt with chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic effects and may aid the design of new combinations of pesticides to delay resistance in DBM strains substantially. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:02:22Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d4c44103a6a04af9b0c6bce963d73b5c2023-11-21T11:26:41ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512021-03-0113322710.3390/toxins13030227Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression AnalysisMuhammad Zeeshan Shabbir0Ling He1Changlong Shu2Fei Yin3Jie Zhang4Zhen-Yu Li5Institute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaState Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100094, ChinaInstitute of Plant Protection, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, ChinaConcerns about resistance development to conventional insecticides in diamondback moth (DBM) <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (L.)<i>,</i> the most destructive pest of <i>Brassica</i> vegetables, have stimulated interest in alternative pest management strategies. The toxicity of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> subsp. <i>aizawai</i> (Bt GO33A) combined with chlorantraniliprole (Chl) has not been documented. Here, we examined single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and Bt to assess the levels of resistance in four DBM strains. Additionally, enzyme activities were tested in field-original highly resistant (FOH-DBM), Bt-resistant (Bt-DBM), chlorantraniliprole-resistant (CL-DBM), and Bt + chlorantraniliprole-resistant (BtC-DBM) strains. The Bt product had the highest toxicity to all four DBM strains followed by the mixture of insecticides (Bt + Chl) and chlorantraniliprole. Synergism between Bt and chlorantraniliprole was observed; the combination of Bt + (Bt + Chl) (1:1, LC<sub>50</sub>:LC<sub>50</sub>) was the most toxic, showing a synergistic effect against all four DBM strains with a poison ratio of 1.35, 1.29, 1.27, and 1.25. Glutathione <i>S</i>-transferase (GST) and carboxyl-esterase (CarE) activities showed positive correlations with chlorantraniliprole resistance, but no correlation was observed with resistance to Bt and Bt + Chl insecticides. Expression of genes coding for PxGST, CarE, AChE, and MFO using qRT-PCR showed that the PxGST and MFO were significantly overexpressed in Bt-DBM. However, AChE and CarE showed no difference in the four DBM strains. Mixtures of Bt with chlorantraniliprole exhibited synergistic effects and may aid the design of new combinations of pesticides to delay resistance in DBM strains substantially.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/3/227<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>biochemical assaychlorantraniliprolejoint action toxicityresistant management |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Zeeshan Shabbir Ling He Changlong Shu Fei Yin Jie Zhang Zhen-Yu Li Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis Toxins <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> biochemical assay chlorantraniliprole joint action toxicity resistant management |
| title | Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis |
| title_full | Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis |
| title_short | Assessing the Single and Combined Toxicity of Chlorantraniliprole and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (GO33A) against Four Selected Strains of <i>Plutella xylostella</i> (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), and a Gene Expression Analysis |
| title_sort | assessing the single and combined toxicity of chlorantraniliprole and i bacillus thuringiensis i go33a against four selected strains of i plutella xylostella i lepidoptera plutellidae and a gene expression analysis |
| topic | <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> biochemical assay chlorantraniliprole joint action toxicity resistant management |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/13/3/227 |
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