CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) in a Japanese Zoo
Koala retrovirus (KoRV) poses a major threat to koala health and conservation, and currently has 10 identified subtypes: an endogenous subtype (KoRV-A) and nine exogenous subtypes (KoRV-B to KoRV-J). However, subtype-related variations in koala immune response to KoRV are uncharacterized. In this st...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1415 |
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| author | Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Md Abul Hashem Fumie Maetani Taiki Eiei Kyoya Mochizuki Shinsaku Ochiai Ayaka Ito Nanao Ito Hiroko Sakurai Takayuki Asai Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara |
| author_facet | Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Md Abul Hashem Fumie Maetani Taiki Eiei Kyoya Mochizuki Shinsaku Ochiai Ayaka Ito Nanao Ito Hiroko Sakurai Takayuki Asai Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara |
| author_sort | Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Koala retrovirus (KoRV) poses a major threat to koala health and conservation, and currently has 10 identified subtypes: an endogenous subtype (KoRV-A) and nine exogenous subtypes (KoRV-B to KoRV-J). However, subtype-related variations in koala immune response to KoRV are uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated KoRV-related immunophenotypic changes in a captive koala population (Hirakawa zoo, Japan) with a range of subtype infection profiles (KoRV-A only vs. KoRV-A with KoRV-B and/or -C), based on qPCR measurements of CD4, CD8b, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A mRNA expression in unstimulated and concanavalin (Con)-A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although CD4, CD8b, and IL-17A expression did not differ between KoRV subtype infection profiles, IL-6 expression was higher in koalas with exogenous infections (both KoRV-B and KoRV-C) than those with the endogenous subtype only. IL-10 expression did not significantly differ between subtype infection profiles but did show a marked increase—accompanying decreased CD4:CD8b ratio—in a koala with lymphoma and co-infected with KoRV-A and -B, thus suggesting immunosuppression. Taken together, the findings of this study provide insights into koala immune response to multiple KoRV subtypes, which can be exploited for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for this iconic marsupial species. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:14:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4e2fc72c68b4371808dc0e1f5e78c26 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:14:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4e2fc72c68b4371808dc0e1f5e78c262023-11-20T23:59:11ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152020-12-011212141510.3390/v12121415CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) in a Japanese ZooMohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh0Md Abul Hashem1Fumie Maetani2Taiki Eiei3Kyoya Mochizuki4Shinsaku Ochiai5Ayaka Ito6Nanao Ito7Hiroko Sakurai8Takayuki Asai9Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara10Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanTransboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanHirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, JapanHirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, JapanHirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, JapanHirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, JapanHirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, JapanHirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, JapanHirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, JapanHirakawa Zoological Park, Kagoshima 891-0133, JapanTransboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, JapanKoala retrovirus (KoRV) poses a major threat to koala health and conservation, and currently has 10 identified subtypes: an endogenous subtype (KoRV-A) and nine exogenous subtypes (KoRV-B to KoRV-J). However, subtype-related variations in koala immune response to KoRV are uncharacterized. In this study, we investigated KoRV-related immunophenotypic changes in a captive koala population (Hirakawa zoo, Japan) with a range of subtype infection profiles (KoRV-A only vs. KoRV-A with KoRV-B and/or -C), based on qPCR measurements of CD4, CD8b, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-17A mRNA expression in unstimulated and concanavalin (Con)-A-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Although CD4, CD8b, and IL-17A expression did not differ between KoRV subtype infection profiles, IL-6 expression was higher in koalas with exogenous infections (both KoRV-B and KoRV-C) than those with the endogenous subtype only. IL-10 expression did not significantly differ between subtype infection profiles but did show a marked increase—accompanying decreased CD4:CD8b ratio—in a koala with lymphoma and co-infected with KoRV-A and -B, thus suggesting immunosuppression. Taken together, the findings of this study provide insights into koala immune response to multiple KoRV subtypes, which can be exploited for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for this iconic marsupial species.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1415koalakoala retrovirusperipheral blood mononuclear cellsCD4CD8bcytokines |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh Md Abul Hashem Fumie Maetani Taiki Eiei Kyoya Mochizuki Shinsaku Ochiai Ayaka Ito Nanao Ito Hiroko Sakurai Takayuki Asai Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) in a Japanese Zoo Viruses koala koala retrovirus peripheral blood mononuclear cells CD4 CD8b cytokines |
| title | CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) in a Japanese Zoo |
| title_full | CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) in a Japanese Zoo |
| title_fullStr | CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) in a Japanese Zoo |
| title_full_unstemmed | CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) in a Japanese Zoo |
| title_short | CD4, CD8b, and Cytokines Expression Profiles in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infected with Different Subtypes of KoRV from Koalas (<i>Phascolarctos cinereus</i>) in a Japanese Zoo |
| title_sort | cd4 cd8b and cytokines expression profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected with different subtypes of korv from koalas i phascolarctos cinereus i in a japanese zoo |
| topic | koala koala retrovirus peripheral blood mononuclear cells CD4 CD8b cytokines |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1415 |
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