Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local Regulation
Background: Many personal care products, and particularly cosmetic products, contain preservatives that release formaldehyde. These are potentially harmful to consumer health, especially considering that the levels of formaldehyde in some products are hidden and excessive. Objectives: To study the f...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Cosmetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/7/4/93 |
| _version_ | 1797546125385793536 |
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| author | Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari Moyad Shahwan Sa’ed H. Zyoud Akram Ashames |
| author_facet | Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari Moyad Shahwan Sa’ed H. Zyoud Akram Ashames |
| author_sort | Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Many personal care products, and particularly cosmetic products, contain preservatives that release formaldehyde. These are potentially harmful to consumer health, especially considering that the levels of formaldehyde in some products are hidden and excessive. Objectives: To study the formaldehyde levels of preservatives in personal care products and cosmetics on the UAE market and determine the extent of compliance with health and safety requirements. Methods and Materials: Sixty-nine personal care and cosmetic product samples from the UAE market were collected and prepared to determine their formaldehyde content. According to the Second European Commission Directive 82/434/EEC of 2000 and as per the Gulf Technical Regulation, Safety Requirements of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products in GSO 1943:2016, quantitative analyses were performed to identify and quantify the content of formaldehyde as free formaldehyde. Results: With a maximum permissible limit of ≤0.2% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>, the average formaldehyde content was found to be 0.083 with a 95% CI (0.039–0.13). Nine of the tested personal care and cosmetic products exceeded the recommended formaldehyde level, corresponding to 13% of all samples. None of these samples listed the free formaldehyde content or formaldehyde releaser. Conclusion: Applying good manufacturing practices (GMP), education, and regulatory control to improve the regulation and inspection of cosmetics containing formaldehyde releasers as preservatives, conducting research, and reporting the adverse side effects are highly recommended. There is an urgent need to monitor the incidence of skin sensitivity resulting from the use of cosmetics containing formaldehyde releasers as preservatives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:25:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d4e41b1fc7414111b9d5c19a59a3d687 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9284 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:25:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cosmetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d4e41b1fc7414111b9d5c19a59a3d6872023-11-20T23:05:01ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842020-12-01749310.3390/cosmetics7040093Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local RegulationAmmar Abdulrahman Jairoun0Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari1Moyad Shahwan2Sa’ed H. Zyoud3Akram Ashames4Discipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11500, MalaysiaDiscipline of Social and Administrative Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang 11500, MalaysiaDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, UAEPoison Control and Drug Information Center (PCDIC), College of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus 44839, PalestineDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman 346, UAEBackground: Many personal care products, and particularly cosmetic products, contain preservatives that release formaldehyde. These are potentially harmful to consumer health, especially considering that the levels of formaldehyde in some products are hidden and excessive. Objectives: To study the formaldehyde levels of preservatives in personal care products and cosmetics on the UAE market and determine the extent of compliance with health and safety requirements. Methods and Materials: Sixty-nine personal care and cosmetic product samples from the UAE market were collected and prepared to determine their formaldehyde content. According to the Second European Commission Directive 82/434/EEC of 2000 and as per the Gulf Technical Regulation, Safety Requirements of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products in GSO 1943:2016, quantitative analyses were performed to identify and quantify the content of formaldehyde as free formaldehyde. Results: With a maximum permissible limit of ≤0.2% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>, the average formaldehyde content was found to be 0.083 with a 95% CI (0.039–0.13). Nine of the tested personal care and cosmetic products exceeded the recommended formaldehyde level, corresponding to 13% of all samples. None of these samples listed the free formaldehyde content or formaldehyde releaser. Conclusion: Applying good manufacturing practices (GMP), education, and regulatory control to improve the regulation and inspection of cosmetics containing formaldehyde releasers as preservatives, conducting research, and reporting the adverse side effects are highly recommended. There is an urgent need to monitor the incidence of skin sensitivity resulting from the use of cosmetics containing formaldehyde releasers as preservatives.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/7/4/93formaldehyde releasercontact allergypreservativescompliance behavior |
| spellingShingle | Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun Sabaa Saleh Al-Hemyari Moyad Shahwan Sa’ed H. Zyoud Akram Ashames Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local Regulation Cosmetics formaldehyde releaser contact allergy preservatives compliance behavior |
| title | Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local Regulation |
| title_full | Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local Regulation |
| title_fullStr | Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local Regulation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local Regulation |
| title_short | Hidden Formaldehyde Content in Cosmeceuticals Containing Preservatives that Release Formaldehyde and Their Compliance Behaviors: Bridging the Gap between Compliance and Local Regulation |
| title_sort | hidden formaldehyde content in cosmeceuticals containing preservatives that release formaldehyde and their compliance behaviors bridging the gap between compliance and local regulation |
| topic | formaldehyde releaser contact allergy preservatives compliance behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/7/4/93 |
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