Current trends of HIV recombination worldwide
One of the major characteristics of HIV-1 is its high genetic variability and extensive heterogeneity. This characteristic is due to its molecular traits, which in turn allows it to vary, recombine, and diversify at a high frequency. As such, it generates complex molecular forms, termed recombinants...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2013-06-01
|
| Series: | Infectious Disease Reports |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.pagepress.org/journals/index.php/idr/article/view/4736 |
| _version_ | 1818730697182937088 |
|---|---|
| author | Katherine A. Lau Justin J.L. Wong |
| author_facet | Katherine A. Lau Justin J.L. Wong |
| author_sort | Katherine A. Lau |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | One of the major characteristics of HIV-1 is its high genetic variability and extensive heterogeneity. This characteristic is due to its molecular traits, which in turn allows it to vary, recombine, and diversify at a high frequency. As such, it generates complex molecular forms, termed recombinants, which evade the human immune system and so survive. There is no sequence constraint to the recombination pattern as it appears to occur at inter-group (between groups M and O), as well as inter- and intra-subtype within group M. Rapid emergence and active global transmission of HIV-1 recombinants, known as circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs), requires urgent attention. To date, 55 CRFs have been reported around the world. The first CRF01_AE originated from Central Africa but spread widely in Asia. The most recent CRF; CRF55_01B is a recombinant form of CRF01_AE and subtype B, although its origin is yet to be publicly disclosed. HIV-1 recombination is an ongoing event and plays an indispensable role in HIV epidemics in different regions. Africa, Asia and South America are identified as recombination hot-spots. They are affected by continual emergence and co-circulation of newly emerging CRFs and URFs, which are now responsible for almost 20% of HIV-1 infections worldwide. Better understanding of recombinants is necessary to determine their biological and molecular attributes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:05:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d50432353cba4e1ea1aa14042a1e284b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2036-7430 2036-7449 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T23:05:54Z |
| publishDate | 2013-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infectious Disease Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-d50432353cba4e1ea1aa14042a1e284b2022-12-21T21:29:17ZengMDPI AGInfectious Disease Reports2036-74302036-74492013-06-0151Se4e410.4081/idr.2013.s1.e42484Current trends of HIV recombination worldwideKatherine A. Lau0Justin J.L. Wong1Retroviral Genetics Division, Centre for Virus Research, Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead Hospital, The University of SydneyGene and Stem Cell Therapy Program, Centenary Institute, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, The University of Sydney, SydneyOne of the major characteristics of HIV-1 is its high genetic variability and extensive heterogeneity. This characteristic is due to its molecular traits, which in turn allows it to vary, recombine, and diversify at a high frequency. As such, it generates complex molecular forms, termed recombinants, which evade the human immune system and so survive. There is no sequence constraint to the recombination pattern as it appears to occur at inter-group (between groups M and O), as well as inter- and intra-subtype within group M. Rapid emergence and active global transmission of HIV-1 recombinants, known as circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinant forms (URFs), requires urgent attention. To date, 55 CRFs have been reported around the world. The first CRF01_AE originated from Central Africa but spread widely in Asia. The most recent CRF; CRF55_01B is a recombinant form of CRF01_AE and subtype B, although its origin is yet to be publicly disclosed. HIV-1 recombination is an ongoing event and plays an indispensable role in HIV epidemics in different regions. Africa, Asia and South America are identified as recombination hot-spots. They are affected by continual emergence and co-circulation of newly emerging CRFs and URFs, which are now responsible for almost 20% of HIV-1 infections worldwide. Better understanding of recombinants is necessary to determine their biological and molecular attributes.http://www.pagepress.org/journals/index.php/idr/article/view/4736HIV, current trends |
| spellingShingle | Katherine A. Lau Justin J.L. Wong Current trends of HIV recombination worldwide Infectious Disease Reports HIV, current trends |
| title | Current trends of HIV recombination worldwide |
| title_full | Current trends of HIV recombination worldwide |
| title_fullStr | Current trends of HIV recombination worldwide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current trends of HIV recombination worldwide |
| title_short | Current trends of HIV recombination worldwide |
| title_sort | current trends of hiv recombination worldwide |
| topic | HIV, current trends |
| url | http://www.pagepress.org/journals/index.php/idr/article/view/4736 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT katherinealau currenttrendsofhivrecombinationworldwide AT justinjlwong currenttrendsofhivrecombinationworldwide |