Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking
In supportive breeding programs for wild salmon populations, stocked parr experience higher mortality rates than wild ones. Among other aspects of phenotype, the gut microbiota of artificially raised parr differs from that of wild parr before stocking. Early steps of microbiota ontogeny are tightly...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/9/1932 |
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| author | Camille Lavoie Kyle Wellband Alysse Perreault Louis Bernatchez Nicolas Derome |
| author_facet | Camille Lavoie Kyle Wellband Alysse Perreault Louis Bernatchez Nicolas Derome |
| author_sort | Camille Lavoie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In supportive breeding programs for wild salmon populations, stocked parr experience higher mortality rates than wild ones. Among other aspects of phenotype, the gut microbiota of artificially raised parr differs from that of wild parr before stocking. Early steps of microbiota ontogeny are tightly dependent upon environmental conditions, both of which exert long-term effects on host physiology. Therefore, our objective was to assess to what extent the resilience capacity of the microbiota of stocked salmon may prevent taxonomic convergence with that of their wild congeners after two months in the same natural environment. Using the 16S SSU rRNA marker gene, we tested the general hypothesis that environmental conditions during the very first steps of microbiota ontogeny imprint a permanent effect on later stages of microbiota recruitment. Our results first showed that gut microbiota composition of stocked and wild parr from the same genetic population, and sharing the same environment, was dependent on the early rearing environment. In contrast, skin microbiota in stocked individuals converged to that of wild individuals. Taxonomic composition and co-occurrence network analyses suggest an impairment of wild bacteria recruitment and a higher instability for the gut microbiota of stocked parr. This study is the first to demonstrate the long-term effect of early microbiota ontogeny in artificial rearing for natural population conservation programs, raising the need to implement microbial ecology. |
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| id | doaj.art-d50db7d00e594d5db6736c65a7dd15e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:25:31Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-d50db7d00e594d5db6736c65a7dd15e42023-11-22T14:19:18ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072021-09-0199193210.3390/microorganisms9091932Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after StockingCamille Lavoie0Kyle Wellband1Alysse Perreault2Louis Bernatchez3Nicolas Derome4Department of Biology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Canadian Rivers Institute, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Biology, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaIn supportive breeding programs for wild salmon populations, stocked parr experience higher mortality rates than wild ones. Among other aspects of phenotype, the gut microbiota of artificially raised parr differs from that of wild parr before stocking. Early steps of microbiota ontogeny are tightly dependent upon environmental conditions, both of which exert long-term effects on host physiology. Therefore, our objective was to assess to what extent the resilience capacity of the microbiota of stocked salmon may prevent taxonomic convergence with that of their wild congeners after two months in the same natural environment. Using the 16S SSU rRNA marker gene, we tested the general hypothesis that environmental conditions during the very first steps of microbiota ontogeny imprint a permanent effect on later stages of microbiota recruitment. Our results first showed that gut microbiota composition of stocked and wild parr from the same genetic population, and sharing the same environment, was dependent on the early rearing environment. In contrast, skin microbiota in stocked individuals converged to that of wild individuals. Taxonomic composition and co-occurrence network analyses suggest an impairment of wild bacteria recruitment and a higher instability for the gut microbiota of stocked parr. This study is the first to demonstrate the long-term effect of early microbiota ontogeny in artificial rearing for natural population conservation programs, raising the need to implement microbial ecology.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/9/193216S rRNA subunitAtlantic salmonartificial rearingmicrobial ecologymicrobiotasupportive breeding |
| spellingShingle | Camille Lavoie Kyle Wellband Alysse Perreault Louis Bernatchez Nicolas Derome Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking Microorganisms 16S rRNA subunit Atlantic salmon artificial rearing microbial ecology microbiota supportive breeding |
| title | Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking |
| title_full | Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking |
| title_fullStr | Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking |
| title_short | Artificial Rearing of Atlantic Salmon Juveniles for Supportive Breeding Programs Induces Long-Term Effects on Gut Microbiota after Stocking |
| title_sort | artificial rearing of atlantic salmon juveniles for supportive breeding programs induces long term effects on gut microbiota after stocking |
| topic | 16S rRNA subunit Atlantic salmon artificial rearing microbial ecology microbiota supportive breeding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/9/9/1932 |
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