Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical–Chemical Properties of the Leaves’ Epicuticular Waxes
Classically, vicariant phenomena have been essentially identified on the basis of biogeographical and ecological data. Here, we report unequivocal evidences that demonstrate that a physical–chemical characterization of the epicuticular waxes of the surface of plant leaves represents a very powerful...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.890647/full |
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| author | Rui F. P. Pereira João Rocha João Rocha Paulo Nunes Tânia Fernandes Ajith P. Ravishankar Rebeca Cruz Mariana Fernandes Mariana Fernandes Srinivasan Anand Susana Casal Verónica de Zea Bermudez Verónica de Zea Bermudez António L. Crespí António L. Crespí |
| author_facet | Rui F. P. Pereira João Rocha João Rocha Paulo Nunes Tânia Fernandes Ajith P. Ravishankar Rebeca Cruz Mariana Fernandes Mariana Fernandes Srinivasan Anand Susana Casal Verónica de Zea Bermudez Verónica de Zea Bermudez António L. Crespí António L. Crespí |
| author_sort | Rui F. P. Pereira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Classically, vicariant phenomena have been essentially identified on the basis of biogeographical and ecological data. Here, we report unequivocal evidences that demonstrate that a physical–chemical characterization of the epicuticular waxes of the surface of plant leaves represents a very powerful strategy to get rich insight into vicariant events. We found vicariant similarity between Cercis siliquastrum L. (family Fabaceae, subfamily Cercidoideae) and Ceratonia siliqua L. (family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinoideae). Both taxa converge in the Mediterranean basin (C. siliquastrum on the north and C. siliqua across the south), in similar habitats (sclerophyll communities of maquis) and climatic profiles. These species are the current representation of their subfamilies in the Mediterranean basin, where they overlap. Because of this biogeographic and ecological similarity, the environmental pattern of both taxa was found to be very significant. The physical–chemical analysis performed on the epicuticular waxes of C. siliquastrum and C. siliqua leaves provided relevant data that confirm the functional proximity between them. A striking resemblance was found in the epicuticular waxes of the abaxial surfaces of C. siliquastrum and C. siliqua leaves in terms of the dominant chemical compounds (1-triacontanol (C30) and 1-octacosanol (C28), respectively), morphology (intricate network of randomly organized nanometer-thick and micrometer-long plates), wettability (superhydrophobic character, with water contact angle values of 167.5 ± 0.5° and 162 ± 3°, respectively), and optical properties (in both species the light reflectance/absorptance of the abaxial surface is significantly higher/lower than that of the adaxial surface, but the overall trend in reflectance is qualitatively similar). These results enable us to include for the first time C. siliqua in the vicariant process exhibited by C. canadensis L., C. griffithii L., and C. siliquastrum. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:38:14Z |
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| id | doaj.art-d51faae4659c43a387553a71644d3c8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T04:38:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d51faae4659c43a387553a71644d3c8a2022-12-22T01:20:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-07-011310.3389/fpls.2022.890647890647Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical–Chemical Properties of the Leaves’ Epicuticular WaxesRui F. P. Pereira0João Rocha1João Rocha2Paulo Nunes3Tânia Fernandes4Ajith P. Ravishankar5Rebeca Cruz6Mariana Fernandes7Mariana Fernandes8Srinivasan Anand9Susana Casal10Verónica de Zea Bermudez11Verónica de Zea Bermudez12António L. Crespí13António L. Crespí14Chemistry Department and Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalCQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalHerbarium and Botanical Garden, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalCQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalChemistry Department and Chemistry Centre, University of Minho, Braga, PortugalDepartment of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Stockholm, SwedenLAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalCQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalDepartment of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalDepartment of Applied Physics, School of Engineering Sciences, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Albanova University Centre, Stockholm, SwedenLAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, University of Porto, Porto, PortugalCQ-VR, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalDepartment of Chemistry, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalHerbarium and Botanical Garden, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalCITAB, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, PortugalClassically, vicariant phenomena have been essentially identified on the basis of biogeographical and ecological data. Here, we report unequivocal evidences that demonstrate that a physical–chemical characterization of the epicuticular waxes of the surface of plant leaves represents a very powerful strategy to get rich insight into vicariant events. We found vicariant similarity between Cercis siliquastrum L. (family Fabaceae, subfamily Cercidoideae) and Ceratonia siliqua L. (family Fabaceae, subfamily Caesalpinoideae). Both taxa converge in the Mediterranean basin (C. siliquastrum on the north and C. siliqua across the south), in similar habitats (sclerophyll communities of maquis) and climatic profiles. These species are the current representation of their subfamilies in the Mediterranean basin, where they overlap. Because of this biogeographic and ecological similarity, the environmental pattern of both taxa was found to be very significant. The physical–chemical analysis performed on the epicuticular waxes of C. siliquastrum and C. siliqua leaves provided relevant data that confirm the functional proximity between them. A striking resemblance was found in the epicuticular waxes of the abaxial surfaces of C. siliquastrum and C. siliqua leaves in terms of the dominant chemical compounds (1-triacontanol (C30) and 1-octacosanol (C28), respectively), morphology (intricate network of randomly organized nanometer-thick and micrometer-long plates), wettability (superhydrophobic character, with water contact angle values of 167.5 ± 0.5° and 162 ± 3°, respectively), and optical properties (in both species the light reflectance/absorptance of the abaxial surface is significantly higher/lower than that of the adaxial surface, but the overall trend in reflectance is qualitatively similar). These results enable us to include for the first time C. siliqua in the vicariant process exhibited by C. canadensis L., C. griffithii L., and C. siliquastrum.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.890647/fullCercidoideaeCaesalpinoideaeMediterranean basinepicuticular waxeswettabilityoptical properties |
| spellingShingle | Rui F. P. Pereira João Rocha João Rocha Paulo Nunes Tânia Fernandes Ajith P. Ravishankar Rebeca Cruz Mariana Fernandes Mariana Fernandes Srinivasan Anand Susana Casal Verónica de Zea Bermudez Verónica de Zea Bermudez António L. Crespí António L. Crespí Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical–Chemical Properties of the Leaves’ Epicuticular Waxes Frontiers in Plant Science Cercidoideae Caesalpinoideae Mediterranean basin epicuticular waxes wettability optical properties |
| title | Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical–Chemical Properties of the Leaves’ Epicuticular Waxes |
| title_full | Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical–Chemical Properties of the Leaves’ Epicuticular Waxes |
| title_fullStr | Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical–Chemical Properties of the Leaves’ Epicuticular Waxes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical–Chemical Properties of the Leaves’ Epicuticular Waxes |
| title_short | Vicariance Between Cercis siliquastrum L. and Ceratonia siliqua L. Unveiled by the Physical–Chemical Properties of the Leaves’ Epicuticular Waxes |
| title_sort | vicariance between cercis siliquastrum l and ceratonia siliqua l unveiled by the physical chemical properties of the leaves epicuticular waxes |
| topic | Cercidoideae Caesalpinoideae Mediterranean basin epicuticular waxes wettability optical properties |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.890647/full |
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