The impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of COVID-19
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in over 6.7 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally via intramuscular or subcutaneous (SC) routes have reduced the severity of respiratory infections, hospitalization rates, and overall mortality. Howev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1212179/full |
| _version_ | 1827942057796173824 |
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| author | Edward G. Barrett David Revelli Chandra Shekhar Bakshi Alan Kadish Salomon Amar Salomon Amar |
| author_facet | Edward G. Barrett David Revelli Chandra Shekhar Bakshi Alan Kadish Salomon Amar Salomon Amar |
| author_sort | Edward G. Barrett |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in over 6.7 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally via intramuscular or subcutaneous (SC) routes have reduced the severity of respiratory infections, hospitalization rates, and overall mortality. However, there is a growing interest in developing mucosally delivered vaccines to further enhance the ease and durability of vaccination. This study compared the immune response in hamsters immunized with live SARS-CoV-2 virus via SC or intranasal (IN) routes and assessed the outcome of a subsequent IN SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Results showed that SC-immunized hamsters elicited a dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response but of a significantly lower magnitude than that observed in IN-immunized hamsters. The IN challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in SC-immunized hamsters resulted in body weight loss, increased viral load, and lung pathology than that observed in IN-immunized and IN-challenged counterparts. These results demonstrate that while SC immunization renders some degree of protection, IN immunization induces a stronger immune response and better protection against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, this study provides evidence that the route of primary immunization plays a critical role in determining the severity of a subsequent respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the findings suggest that IN route of immunization may be a more effective option for COVID-19 vaccines than the currently used parenteral routes. Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 elicited via different immunization routes may help guide more effective and long-lasting vaccination strategies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:52:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d520156ac4e6403fba97b6d9d93e9e40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T09:52:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d520156ac4e6403fba97b6d9d93e9e402023-05-24T06:09:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-05-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.12121791212179The impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of COVID-19Edward G. Barrett0David Revelli1Chandra Shekhar Bakshi2Alan Kadish3Salomon Amar4Salomon Amar5Lovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United StatesLovelace Biomedical Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United StatesDepartment of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United StatesTouro University, New York City, NY, United StatesTouro University, New York City, NY, United StatesNew York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United StatesThe COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has resulted in over 6.7 million deaths worldwide. COVID-19 vaccines administered parenterally via intramuscular or subcutaneous (SC) routes have reduced the severity of respiratory infections, hospitalization rates, and overall mortality. However, there is a growing interest in developing mucosally delivered vaccines to further enhance the ease and durability of vaccination. This study compared the immune response in hamsters immunized with live SARS-CoV-2 virus via SC or intranasal (IN) routes and assessed the outcome of a subsequent IN SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Results showed that SC-immunized hamsters elicited a dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response but of a significantly lower magnitude than that observed in IN-immunized hamsters. The IN challenge with SARS-CoV-2 in SC-immunized hamsters resulted in body weight loss, increased viral load, and lung pathology than that observed in IN-immunized and IN-challenged counterparts. These results demonstrate that while SC immunization renders some degree of protection, IN immunization induces a stronger immune response and better protection against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, this study provides evidence that the route of primary immunization plays a critical role in determining the severity of a subsequent respiratory infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the findings suggest that IN route of immunization may be a more effective option for COVID-19 vaccines than the currently used parenteral routes. Understanding the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 elicited via different immunization routes may help guide more effective and long-lasting vaccination strategies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1212179/fullCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2hamstersintranasal vaccinationsubcutaneous vaccinationimmune response |
| spellingShingle | Edward G. Barrett David Revelli Chandra Shekhar Bakshi Alan Kadish Salomon Amar Salomon Amar The impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of COVID-19 Frontiers in Microbiology COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 hamsters intranasal vaccination subcutaneous vaccination immune response |
| title | The impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of COVID-19 |
| title_full | The impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | The impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | The impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of COVID-19 |
| title_short | The impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in a hamster model of COVID-19 |
| title_sort | impact of primary immunization route on the outcome of infection with sars cov 2 in a hamster model of covid 19 |
| topic | COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 hamsters intranasal vaccination subcutaneous vaccination immune response |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1212179/full |
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