Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, linked to morbidity and mortality among elderly patients. Recently, several clinical studies suggested that depression is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline and AD. A review of meta-analyses was performed, calculating pooled...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/9/1809 |
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| author | Olalla Sáiz-Vázquez Patricia Gracia-García Silvia Ubillos-Landa Alicia Puente-Martínez Silvia Casado-Yusta Beatriz Olaya Javier Santabárbara |
| author_facet | Olalla Sáiz-Vázquez Patricia Gracia-García Silvia Ubillos-Landa Alicia Puente-Martínez Silvia Casado-Yusta Beatriz Olaya Javier Santabárbara |
| author_sort | Olalla Sáiz-Vázquez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, linked to morbidity and mortality among elderly patients. Recently, several clinical studies suggested that depression is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline and AD. A review of meta-analyses was performed, calculating pooled odds ratios to estimate the risk of AD in people with a prior diagnosis (or clinically significant symptoms) of depression. A total of six meta-analyses which represented 28 individual studies were analyzed. A significant association between depression and AD was found (OR = 1.54, 95% CI [1.02–2.31]; <i>p</i> = 0.038). The results showed that heterogeneity across studies was substantial. We found a significant positive effect size for clinical measures of depression, but not for symptomatic rating scales, in the association of depression with risk of AD. The type of rating scale used to assess depression and the cut-off criteria selected also moderated the relationship between depression and AD risk. We found that studies that used clinically significant criteria for diagnosis of depression had more consistent and significant results than studies that used symptomatic scales. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:07:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5253badd3f441f5864f2a83eb74751b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:07:05Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5253badd3f441f5864f2a83eb74751b2023-11-21T16:30:02ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-04-01109180910.3390/jcm10091809Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-AnalysesOlalla Sáiz-Vázquez0Patricia Gracia-García1Silvia Ubillos-Landa2Alicia Puente-Martínez3Silvia Casado-Yusta4Beatriz Olaya5Javier Santabárbara6Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, University of Burgos, C/Paseo de los Comendadores, Hospital Militar, 1, 09001 Burgos, SpainPsychiatry Service, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Social Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Burgos, C/Villadiego, 1, 09001 Burgos, SpainDepartment of Social Psychology, Faculty of Health Science, University of Burgos, C/Paseo de los Comendadores, Hospital Militar, 1, 09001 Burgos, SpainDepartment of Applied Economy, Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences, University of Burgos, Pza. De la Infanta Dª Elena, 09001 Burgos, SpainResearch, Innovation and Teaching Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Carrer Doctor Pujadas 42, 08830 Sant Boi de Llobregat, SpainCentro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Ministry of Science and Innovation, Av. Monforte de Lemos 3-5, Pabellón 11, Planta 0, 28029 Madrid, SpainAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia, linked to morbidity and mortality among elderly patients. Recently, several clinical studies suggested that depression is a potential risk factor for cognitive decline and AD. A review of meta-analyses was performed, calculating pooled odds ratios to estimate the risk of AD in people with a prior diagnosis (or clinically significant symptoms) of depression. A total of six meta-analyses which represented 28 individual studies were analyzed. A significant association between depression and AD was found (OR = 1.54, 95% CI [1.02–2.31]; <i>p</i> = 0.038). The results showed that heterogeneity across studies was substantial. We found a significant positive effect size for clinical measures of depression, but not for symptomatic rating scales, in the association of depression with risk of AD. The type of rating scale used to assess depression and the cut-off criteria selected also moderated the relationship between depression and AD risk. We found that studies that used clinically significant criteria for diagnosis of depression had more consistent and significant results than studies that used symptomatic scales.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/9/1809depressionAlzheimer’s diseaseclinical and symptomatic criteriameta-meta-analysis |
| spellingShingle | Olalla Sáiz-Vázquez Patricia Gracia-García Silvia Ubillos-Landa Alicia Puente-Martínez Silvia Casado-Yusta Beatriz Olaya Javier Santabárbara Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses Journal of Clinical Medicine depression Alzheimer’s disease clinical and symptomatic criteria meta-meta-analysis |
| title | Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses |
| title_full | Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses |
| title_fullStr | Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses |
| title_short | Depression as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Meta-Analyses |
| title_sort | depression as a risk factor for alzheimer s disease a systematic review of longitudinal meta analyses |
| topic | depression Alzheimer’s disease clinical and symptomatic criteria meta-meta-analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/9/1809 |
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