Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens
Abstract Gyrovirus 3 (GyV3), the third novel emerging species of the genus Gyrovirus of the Anelloviridae family, has been described in multiple hosts. Epidemiologically, there are suggestions that GyV3 is associated with diarrhea/proventriculitis, however, no direct causal evidence exists between G...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Research |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-021-00990-2 |
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| author | Gen Li Defang Zhou Manda Zhao Qing Liu Xiaojing Hao Tianxing Yan Shiyu Yuan Shicheng Zhang Ziqiang Cheng |
| author_facet | Gen Li Defang Zhou Manda Zhao Qing Liu Xiaojing Hao Tianxing Yan Shiyu Yuan Shicheng Zhang Ziqiang Cheng |
| author_sort | Gen Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Gyrovirus 3 (GyV3), the third novel emerging species of the genus Gyrovirus of the Anelloviridae family, has been described in multiple hosts. Epidemiologically, there are suggestions that GyV3 is associated with diarrhea/proventriculitis, however, no direct causal evidence exists between GyV3 infection and specific clinical diseases. Herein, we infected special pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with GyV3, and then assessed the pathogenicity and tissue tropism. The results revealed that GyV3 induced persistent infection characterized by diarrhea, aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, and persistent systemic lymphocytic inflammation. Clinically, the infected chickens presented ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anemia, and weight loss. Aplastic anemia was characterized by progressive depletion of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, immunosuppression was associated with atrophy of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricious, progressive lymphocytic inflammations were characterized by proventriculitis, adrenalitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and bronchitis. Viral loads of GyV3 in tissues exhibited “M”, “N”, “W” or “V” type dynamic changes. The highest level of viral loads was reported in bone marrow at 7dpi, followed by the adrenal gland at 2 dpi, the sciatic nerve at 7 dpi, and bile at 35 dpi. The bone marrow and kidney demonstrate the strongest immunostaining of GyV3-VP1 antigen and were suggested as the target tissues of GyV3. Collectively, GyV3 is an immunosuppressive pathogenic virus that targets the bone marrow and kidney in chickens. Exploring the pathogenicity and tissue tropism of GyV3 will guide the basic understanding of the biology of GyV3 and its pathogenesis in chickens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-16T22:54:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5368d1f59b74cb6a862aacac3caf738 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1297-9716 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-16T22:54:32Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5368d1f59b74cb6a862aacac3caf7382022-12-21T22:12:57ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162021-09-015211810.1186/s13567-021-00990-2Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickensGen Li0Defang Zhou1Manda Zhao2Qing Liu3Xiaojing Hao4Tianxing Yan5Shiyu Yuan6Shicheng Zhang7Ziqiang Cheng8College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Animal Science and Technology, Vocational-Technical School of Husbandry and Veterinary MedicineService Center of Jinan ZooQindao Husbandry and Veterinary InstituteCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural UniversityAbstract Gyrovirus 3 (GyV3), the third novel emerging species of the genus Gyrovirus of the Anelloviridae family, has been described in multiple hosts. Epidemiologically, there are suggestions that GyV3 is associated with diarrhea/proventriculitis, however, no direct causal evidence exists between GyV3 infection and specific clinical diseases. Herein, we infected special pathogen-free (SPF) chickens with GyV3, and then assessed the pathogenicity and tissue tropism. The results revealed that GyV3 induced persistent infection characterized by diarrhea, aplastic anemia, immunosuppression, and persistent systemic lymphocytic inflammation. Clinically, the infected chickens presented ruffled feathers, diarrhea, anemia, and weight loss. Aplastic anemia was characterized by progressive depletion of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow, immunosuppression was associated with atrophy of the thymus, spleen, and bursa of Fabricious, progressive lymphocytic inflammations were characterized by proventriculitis, adrenalitis, pancreatitis, hepatitis, nephritis, and bronchitis. Viral loads of GyV3 in tissues exhibited “M”, “N”, “W” or “V” type dynamic changes. The highest level of viral loads was reported in bone marrow at 7dpi, followed by the adrenal gland at 2 dpi, the sciatic nerve at 7 dpi, and bile at 35 dpi. The bone marrow and kidney demonstrate the strongest immunostaining of GyV3-VP1 antigen and were suggested as the target tissues of GyV3. Collectively, GyV3 is an immunosuppressive pathogenic virus that targets the bone marrow and kidney in chickens. Exploring the pathogenicity and tissue tropism of GyV3 will guide the basic understanding of the biology of GyV3 and its pathogenesis in chickens.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-021-00990-2Gyrovirus 3pathogenicitytissue tropismSPF chicken |
| spellingShingle | Gen Li Defang Zhou Manda Zhao Qing Liu Xiaojing Hao Tianxing Yan Shiyu Yuan Shicheng Zhang Ziqiang Cheng Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens Veterinary Research Gyrovirus 3 pathogenicity tissue tropism SPF chicken |
| title | Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens |
| title_full | Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens |
| title_fullStr | Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens |
| title_short | Kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens |
| title_sort | kinetic analysis of pathogenicity and tissue tropism of gyrovirus 3 in experimentally infected chickens |
| topic | Gyrovirus 3 pathogenicity tissue tropism SPF chicken |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-021-00990-2 |
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