Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling
Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a secreted glycoprotein hormone with critical roles in reproductive development and regulation. Its chemical and mechanistic similarities to members of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) family have led to its placement within this signaling family. As a member...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.927824/full |
| _version_ | 1811334716248293376 |
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| author | James A. Howard Kaitlin N. Hart Thomas B. Thompson |
| author_facet | James A. Howard Kaitlin N. Hart Thomas B. Thompson |
| author_sort | James A. Howard |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a secreted glycoprotein hormone with critical roles in reproductive development and regulation. Its chemical and mechanistic similarities to members of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) family have led to its placement within this signaling family. As a member of the TGF-β family, AMH exists as a noncovalent complex of a large N-terminal prodomain and smaller C-terminal mature signaling domain. To produce a signal, the mature domain will bind to the extracellular domains of two type I and two type II receptors which results in an intracellular SMAD signal. Interestingly, as will be discussed in this review, AMH possesses several unique characteristics which set it apart from other ligands within the TGF-β family. In particular, AMH has a dedicated type II receptor, Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor Type II (AMHR2), making this interaction intriguing mechanistically as well as therapeutically. Further, the prodomain of AMH has remained largely uncharacterized, despite being the largest prodomain within the family. Recent advancements in the field have provided valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of AMH signaling, however there are still many areas of AMH signaling not understood. Herein, we will discuss what is known about the biochemistry of AMH and AMHR2, focusing on recent advances in understanding the unique characteristics of AMH signaling and the molecular mechanisms of receptor engagement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:12:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d53b9f300af34924b7c1388fdb7ecc3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2392 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T17:12:15Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Endocrinology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d53b9f300af34924b7c1388fdb7ecc3d2022-12-22T02:38:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Endocrinology1664-23922022-06-011310.3389/fendo.2022.927824927824Molecular Mechanisms of AMH SignalingJames A. Howard0Kaitlin N. Hart1Thomas B. Thompson2Department of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United StatesDepartment of Pharmacology & Systems Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United StatesDepartment of Molecular Genetics, Biochemistry, & Microbiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United StatesAnti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) is a secreted glycoprotein hormone with critical roles in reproductive development and regulation. Its chemical and mechanistic similarities to members of the Transforming Growth Factor β (TGF-β) family have led to its placement within this signaling family. As a member of the TGF-β family, AMH exists as a noncovalent complex of a large N-terminal prodomain and smaller C-terminal mature signaling domain. To produce a signal, the mature domain will bind to the extracellular domains of two type I and two type II receptors which results in an intracellular SMAD signal. Interestingly, as will be discussed in this review, AMH possesses several unique characteristics which set it apart from other ligands within the TGF-β family. In particular, AMH has a dedicated type II receptor, Anti-Müllerian Hormone Receptor Type II (AMHR2), making this interaction intriguing mechanistically as well as therapeutically. Further, the prodomain of AMH has remained largely uncharacterized, despite being the largest prodomain within the family. Recent advancements in the field have provided valuable insight into the molecular mechanisms of AMH signaling, however there are still many areas of AMH signaling not understood. Herein, we will discuss what is known about the biochemistry of AMH and AMHR2, focusing on recent advances in understanding the unique characteristics of AMH signaling and the molecular mechanisms of receptor engagement.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.927824/fullanti-müllerian hormone (AMH)anti-müllerian hormone receptor type II (AMHR2)transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)activinpersistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) |
| spellingShingle | James A. Howard Kaitlin N. Hart Thomas B. Thompson Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling Frontiers in Endocrinology anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) anti-müllerian hormone receptor type II (AMHR2) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activin persistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) |
| title | Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling |
| title_full | Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling |
| title_short | Molecular Mechanisms of AMH Signaling |
| title_sort | molecular mechanisms of amh signaling |
| topic | anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) anti-müllerian hormone receptor type II (AMHR2) transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) activin persistent müllerian duct syndrome (PMDS) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2022.927824/full |
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