High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction
A large amount of waste from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms is generated from the bamboo pulping industry, causing disposal problems. Nevertheless, bamboo culms are a suitable source of functional ingredients, such as antioxidant compounds. However, because of the high compactness and tigh...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2231 |
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| author | Xianshuang Cao Yaoyao Zhang Hang Xun Jin Wang Feng Tang |
| author_facet | Xianshuang Cao Yaoyao Zhang Hang Xun Jin Wang Feng Tang |
| author_sort | Xianshuang Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A large amount of waste from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms is generated from the bamboo pulping industry, causing disposal problems. Nevertheless, bamboo culms are a suitable source of functional ingredients, such as antioxidant compounds. However, because of the high compactness and tightness in their material structure, obtaining phytochemicals from bamboo culms using conventional organic solvent extraction methods can be inefficient. In this research, we developed a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) method to recover 19 target phenolic compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms. The extracted compounds were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF–MS). The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. We investigated the effects of temperature, extraction time, and the material-to-liquid ratio on PHWE, and these parameters were optimized with a Box–Behnken design experiment and response surface tool. The optimal extraction condition was found at 170 °C, with a 1:30 g/mL material-to-liquid ratio and a 14 min extraction time. Following these optimal parameters, the total yield of target phenolic compounds (TYPC) reached 3.85 mg/g of raw material, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) for the DPPH and ABTS tests were 94.7 mg/L and 21.88 mg/L, respectively. The FRAP value was 1.23 μmol FSE/mg of dried extract. A strong correlation between TYPC and the antioxidant activity of the extract was confirmed. The TYPC and antioxidant capacity of the optimal PHWE extract of the <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms were both considerably higher than those of extracts obtained from conventional solvent extractions. These results indicated that PHWE is an excellent green technique for recovering phenolic compounds from bamboo culms, and the PHWE extracts of <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms may be a good source of natural antioxidants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d542726dce6c4f7b82cc9b238937291c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:31:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-d542726dce6c4f7b82cc9b238937291c2023-11-24T07:31:53ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-11-011111223110.3390/antiox11112231High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water ExtractionXianshuang Cao0Yaoyao Zhang1Hang Xun2Jin Wang3Feng Tang4Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan (ICBR), Beijing 100102, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan (ICBR), Beijing 100102, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan (ICBR), Beijing 100102, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan (ICBR), Beijing 100102, ChinaKey Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan (ICBR), Beijing 100102, ChinaA large amount of waste from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms is generated from the bamboo pulping industry, causing disposal problems. Nevertheless, bamboo culms are a suitable source of functional ingredients, such as antioxidant compounds. However, because of the high compactness and tightness in their material structure, obtaining phytochemicals from bamboo culms using conventional organic solvent extraction methods can be inefficient. In this research, we developed a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) method to recover 19 target phenolic compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms. The extracted compounds were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF–MS). The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. We investigated the effects of temperature, extraction time, and the material-to-liquid ratio on PHWE, and these parameters were optimized with a Box–Behnken design experiment and response surface tool. The optimal extraction condition was found at 170 °C, with a 1:30 g/mL material-to-liquid ratio and a 14 min extraction time. Following these optimal parameters, the total yield of target phenolic compounds (TYPC) reached 3.85 mg/g of raw material, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC<sub>50</sub>) for the DPPH and ABTS tests were 94.7 mg/L and 21.88 mg/L, respectively. The FRAP value was 1.23 μmol FSE/mg of dried extract. A strong correlation between TYPC and the antioxidant activity of the extract was confirmed. The TYPC and antioxidant capacity of the optimal PHWE extract of the <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms were both considerably higher than those of extracts obtained from conventional solvent extractions. These results indicated that PHWE is an excellent green technique for recovering phenolic compounds from bamboo culms, and the PHWE extracts of <i>Bambusa chungii</i> culms may be a good source of natural antioxidants.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2231phenolic compoundsbamboo culmsantioxidant capacitypressurized hot water extractionresponse surface methodology |
| spellingShingle | Xianshuang Cao Yaoyao Zhang Hang Xun Jin Wang Feng Tang High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction Antioxidants phenolic compounds bamboo culms antioxidant capacity pressurized hot water extraction response surface methodology |
| title | High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction |
| title_full | High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction |
| title_fullStr | High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction |
| title_full_unstemmed | High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction |
| title_short | High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from <i>Bambusa chungii</i> Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction |
| title_sort | high yield recovery of antioxidant compounds from i bambusa chungii i culms using pressurized hot water extraction |
| topic | phenolic compounds bamboo culms antioxidant capacity pressurized hot water extraction response surface methodology |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/11/2231 |
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