Use of Selected Lactobacilli to Increase γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Sourdough Bread Enriched with Amaranth Flour
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system and possesses various physiological functions. GABA production can be obtained thanks to lactic acid bacteria activity in different foods such as sourdoughs. Recently, breads made from blends...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-06-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/6/218 |
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| author | Manuel Venturi Viola Galli Niccolò Pini Simona Guerrini Lisa Granchi |
| author_facet | Manuel Venturi Viola Galli Niccolò Pini Simona Guerrini Lisa Granchi |
| author_sort | Manuel Venturi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system and possesses various physiological functions. GABA production can be obtained thanks to lactic acid bacteria activity in different foods such as sourdoughs. Recently, breads made from blends of pseudocereals and wheat flours have attracted much attention. Amaranth is especially interesting because of its high nutritional value, having a high protein content and containing different antioxidant compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain sourdough breads enriched with GABA thanks to bacterial activity and to investigate the effect of amaranth flour addition on the antioxidant and sensorial properties of bread. Eighteen lactobacilli strains were assayed for GABA production in amaranth and wheat flour liquid sourdoughs. Two strains, <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> A7 and <i>Lactobacillus farciminis</i> A11, demonstrated high GABA producing capability; hence, they were used to prepare breads containing 20% amaranth flour. The results confirmed the capability of the two strains to increase GABA concentrations (up to 39 mg/kg) in breads. Samples with amaranth addition showed a significantly higher total phenolic content compared to the control bread (more than 15 mg GAE 100 g<sup>−1</sup> dwb); sensory analysis showed that breads with amaranth were moderately acceptable. Nevertheless, their general liking evaluation was significantly lower compared to the control bread. The addition of pseudocereal to traditional wheat sourdough and selection of lactobacilli allowed the production of baked goods with enhanced GABA content and antioxidant capacity, but recipes have to be developed to increase the organoleptic acceptability of the final products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:05:33Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T06:05:33Z |
| publishDate | 2019-06-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-d547b5e089a74907a8d6078a8eae20752022-12-22T03:44:53ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582019-06-018621810.3390/foods8060218foods8060218Use of Selected Lactobacilli to Increase γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Sourdough Bread Enriched with Amaranth FlourManuel Venturi0Viola Galli1Niccolò Pini2Simona Guerrini3Lisa Granchi4FoodMicroTeam s.r.l., Via di Santo Spirito, 14, 50125 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144 Florence, ItalyFoodMicroTeam s.r.l., Via di Santo Spirito, 14, 50125 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine, 18, 50144 Florence, Italyγ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system and possesses various physiological functions. GABA production can be obtained thanks to lactic acid bacteria activity in different foods such as sourdoughs. Recently, breads made from blends of pseudocereals and wheat flours have attracted much attention. Amaranth is especially interesting because of its high nutritional value, having a high protein content and containing different antioxidant compounds. Therefore, this study aimed to obtain sourdough breads enriched with GABA thanks to bacterial activity and to investigate the effect of amaranth flour addition on the antioxidant and sensorial properties of bread. Eighteen lactobacilli strains were assayed for GABA production in amaranth and wheat flour liquid sourdoughs. Two strains, <i>Lactobacillus brevis</i> A7 and <i>Lactobacillus farciminis</i> A11, demonstrated high GABA producing capability; hence, they were used to prepare breads containing 20% amaranth flour. The results confirmed the capability of the two strains to increase GABA concentrations (up to 39 mg/kg) in breads. Samples with amaranth addition showed a significantly higher total phenolic content compared to the control bread (more than 15 mg GAE 100 g<sup>−1</sup> dwb); sensory analysis showed that breads with amaranth were moderately acceptable. Nevertheless, their general liking evaluation was significantly lower compared to the control bread. The addition of pseudocereal to traditional wheat sourdough and selection of lactobacilli allowed the production of baked goods with enhanced GABA content and antioxidant capacity, but recipes have to be developed to increase the organoleptic acceptability of the final products.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/6/218sourdoughγ-aminobutyric acid GABAamaranth flourlactobacillibioactive compounds |
| spellingShingle | Manuel Venturi Viola Galli Niccolò Pini Simona Guerrini Lisa Granchi Use of Selected Lactobacilli to Increase γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Sourdough Bread Enriched with Amaranth Flour Foods sourdough γ-aminobutyric acid GABA amaranth flour lactobacilli bioactive compounds |
| title | Use of Selected Lactobacilli to Increase γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Sourdough Bread Enriched with Amaranth Flour |
| title_full | Use of Selected Lactobacilli to Increase γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Sourdough Bread Enriched with Amaranth Flour |
| title_fullStr | Use of Selected Lactobacilli to Increase γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Sourdough Bread Enriched with Amaranth Flour |
| title_full_unstemmed | Use of Selected Lactobacilli to Increase γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Sourdough Bread Enriched with Amaranth Flour |
| title_short | Use of Selected Lactobacilli to Increase γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Content in Sourdough Bread Enriched with Amaranth Flour |
| title_sort | use of selected lactobacilli to increase γ aminobutyric acid gaba content in sourdough bread enriched with amaranth flour |
| topic | sourdough γ-aminobutyric acid GABA amaranth flour lactobacilli bioactive compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/8/6/218 |
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