Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae <i>Codium bernabei</i>: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity
<i>Codium bernabei</i> is a green alga that grows on Chilean coasts. The composition of its structural polysaccharides is still unknown. Hence, the aim of this work is to isolate and characterize the hot water extracted polysaccharide fractions. For this purpose, the water extracts were...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/7/458 |
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| author | Fabian A. Figueroa Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz Claudia Pérez Virginia Casas-Arrojo Aleksandra Nesic Cecilia Tapia Carla Durán Oscar Valdes Carolina Parra Gastón Bravo-Arrepol Luis Soto José Becerra Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas |
| author_facet | Fabian A. Figueroa Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz Claudia Pérez Virginia Casas-Arrojo Aleksandra Nesic Cecilia Tapia Carla Durán Oscar Valdes Carolina Parra Gastón Bravo-Arrepol Luis Soto José Becerra Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas |
| author_sort | Fabian A. Figueroa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Codium bernabei</i> is a green alga that grows on Chilean coasts. The composition of its structural polysaccharides is still unknown. Hence, the aim of this work is to isolate and characterize the hot water extracted polysaccharide fractions. For this purpose, the water extracts were further precipitated in alcohol (TPs) and acid media (APs), respectively. Both fractions were characterized using different physicochemical techniques such as GC-MS, GPC, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. It is confirmed that the extracted fractions are mainly made of sulfated galactan unit, with a degree of sulfation of 19.3% (TPs) and 17.4% (ATs) and a protein content of 3.5% in APs and 15.6% in TPs. Other neutral sugars such as xylose, glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose, and arabinose were found in a molar ratio (0.05:0.6:1.0:0.02:0.14:0.11) for TPs and (0.05:0.31:1.0:0.03:0.1:0.13) for ATs. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide samples was lower than 20 kDa. Both polysaccharides were thermally stable (Tonset > 190 °C) and showed antioxidant activity according to the ABTS<sup>•+</sup> and DPPH tests, where TPs fractions had higher scavenging activity (35%) compared to the APs fractions. The PT and APTTS assays were used to measure the anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharide fractions. In general, the PT activity of the TPs and APs was not different from normal plasma values. The exception was the TPs treatment at 1000 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> concentration. The APTTS test revealed that clotting time for both polysaccharides was prolonged regarding normal values at 1000 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>. Finally, the antitumor test in colorectal carcinoma (HTC-116) cell line, breast cancer (MCF-7) and human leukemia (HL-60) cell lines showed the cytotoxic effect of TPs and APs. Those results suggest the potential biotechnological application of sulfate galactan polysaccharides isolated from a Chilean marine resource. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:29:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d55088dc8cdc49c2ad953793cf8e43bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:29:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-d55088dc8cdc49c2ad953793cf8e43bc2023-11-30T21:20:25ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972022-07-0120745810.3390/md20070458Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae <i>Codium bernabei</i>: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor ActivityFabian A. Figueroa0Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz1Claudia Pérez2Virginia Casas-Arrojo3Aleksandra Nesic4Cecilia Tapia5Carla Durán6Oscar Valdes7Carolina Parra8Gastón Bravo-Arrepol9Luis Soto10José Becerra11Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas12Laboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, ChileDepartamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainLaboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, ChileDepartamento de Ecología, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Biotecnología y Desarrollo Azul (IBYDA), Universidad de Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, SpainLaboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, ChileLaboratorio de Especialidad Clínica Dávila-OMESA, Recoleta 464, Recoleta, Santiago 8431657, ChileLaboratorio de Especialidad Clínica Dávila-OMESA, Recoleta 464, Recoleta, Santiago 8431657, ChileCentro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule (CIEAM), Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca 3480005, ChileLaboratorio de Recursos Renovables, Centro de Biotecnología, Barrio Universitario s/n, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, ChileUnidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Avda. Cordillera No. 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 4191996, ChileLaboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, ChileLaboratorio de Química de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Botánica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Universidad de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción 4030000, ChileUnidad de Desarrollo Tecnológico (UDT), Universidad de Concepción, Avda. Cordillera No. 2634, Parque Industrial Coronel, Coronel 4191996, Chile<i>Codium bernabei</i> is a green alga that grows on Chilean coasts. The composition of its structural polysaccharides is still unknown. Hence, the aim of this work is to isolate and characterize the hot water extracted polysaccharide fractions. For this purpose, the water extracts were further precipitated in alcohol (TPs) and acid media (APs), respectively. Both fractions were characterized using different physicochemical techniques such as GC-MS, GPC, FTIR, TGA, and SEM. It is confirmed that the extracted fractions are mainly made of sulfated galactan unit, with a degree of sulfation of 19.3% (TPs) and 17.4% (ATs) and a protein content of 3.5% in APs and 15.6% in TPs. Other neutral sugars such as xylose, glucose, galactose, fucose, mannose, and arabinose were found in a molar ratio (0.05:0.6:1.0:0.02:0.14:0.11) for TPs and (0.05:0.31:1.0:0.03:0.1:0.13) for ATs. The molecular weight of the polysaccharide samples was lower than 20 kDa. Both polysaccharides were thermally stable (Tonset > 190 °C) and showed antioxidant activity according to the ABTS<sup>•+</sup> and DPPH tests, where TPs fractions had higher scavenging activity (35%) compared to the APs fractions. The PT and APTTS assays were used to measure the anticoagulant activity of the polysaccharide fractions. In general, the PT activity of the TPs and APs was not different from normal plasma values. The exception was the TPs treatment at 1000 µg mL<sup>−1</sup> concentration. The APTTS test revealed that clotting time for both polysaccharides was prolonged regarding normal values at 1000 µg mL<sup>−1</sup>. Finally, the antitumor test in colorectal carcinoma (HTC-116) cell line, breast cancer (MCF-7) and human leukemia (HL-60) cell lines showed the cytotoxic effect of TPs and APs. Those results suggest the potential biotechnological application of sulfate galactan polysaccharides isolated from a Chilean marine resource.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/7/458<i>Codium bernabei</i>sulfated galactanspolysaccharidesanticoagulant activityantioxidant capacitycytotoxic effect |
| spellingShingle | Fabian A. Figueroa Roberto T. Abdala-Díaz Claudia Pérez Virginia Casas-Arrojo Aleksandra Nesic Cecilia Tapia Carla Durán Oscar Valdes Carolina Parra Gastón Bravo-Arrepol Luis Soto José Becerra Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae <i>Codium bernabei</i>: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity Marine Drugs <i>Codium bernabei</i> sulfated galactans polysaccharides anticoagulant activity antioxidant capacity cytotoxic effect |
| title | Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae <i>Codium bernabei</i>: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity |
| title_full | Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae <i>Codium bernabei</i>: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity |
| title_fullStr | Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae <i>Codium bernabei</i>: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae <i>Codium bernabei</i>: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity |
| title_short | Sulfated Polysaccharide Extracted from the Green Algae <i>Codium bernabei</i>: Physicochemical Characterization and Antioxidant, Anticoagulant and Antitumor Activity |
| title_sort | sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the green algae i codium bernabei i physicochemical characterization and antioxidant anticoagulant and antitumor activity |
| topic | <i>Codium bernabei</i> sulfated galactans polysaccharides anticoagulant activity antioxidant capacity cytotoxic effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/20/7/458 |
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