3D-Printed Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> Extract for Dental Applications
The plant material <i>Scutellariae baicalensis radix</i>, which is rich in flavones (baicalin), possesses antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to develop a 3D-printed chitosan-based hydrogel rich in <i>Scutellariae baicalensis<...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/3/359 |
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| author | Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska Ioanna Koumentakou Maria Lazaridou Dimitrios Bikiaris Andrzej Miklaszewski Tomasz Plech Judyta Cielecka-Piontek |
| author_facet | Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska Ioanna Koumentakou Maria Lazaridou Dimitrios Bikiaris Andrzej Miklaszewski Tomasz Plech Judyta Cielecka-Piontek |
| author_sort | Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The plant material <i>Scutellariae baicalensis radix</i>, which is rich in flavones (baicalin), possesses antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to develop a 3D-printed chitosan-based hydrogel rich in <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> extract as an innovative approach for the personalized treatment of periodontal diseases. Chitosan-based hydrogels were prepared, and the printability of the prepared hydrogels was determined. The hydrogel with 2.5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> of high molecular-weight chitosan (CS), 2% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> gelatin (Gel), and 10% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> of extract (Ex) presented the best printability, producing smooth and uniform scaffolds. It was proved that the CS/Gel/Ex hydrogel was stabilized by hydrogen bonds and remained in amorphous dispersion in the 3D-printed structures (confirmed by ATR-FTIR and XRPD). Due to the amorphization of the active substance, a significant increase in the release of baicalin in vitro was observed. It was demonstrated that there was an initial burst release and a continuous release profile (<i>n</i> = 3). Higuchi kinetic was the most likely baicalin release kinetic. The second fit, the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics model, showed coupled diffusion of the active ingredient in the hydrated matrix and polymer relaxation regulated release, with n values ranging from 0.45 to 0.89. The anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed scaffolds were assessed as the ability to inhibit the activity of the hyaluronidase enzyme. Activity was assessed as IC<sub>50</sub> = 63.57 ± 4.98 mg hydrogel/mL (<i>n</i> = 6). Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated the biocompatibility of the material. After 24 h of exposure to the 2.5CS/2Gel/10Ex scaffold, fibroblasts migrated toward the scratch, closed the “wound” by 97.1%, and significantly accelerated the wound healing process. The results render the 3D-printed CS/Gel/extract scaffolds as potential candidates for treating periodontal diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:55:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d551bd38cbd74d1ea4596ec88443f713 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T17:55:30Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj.art-d551bd38cbd74d1ea4596ec88443f7132024-03-27T13:59:42ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232024-03-0116335910.3390/pharmaceutics160303593D-Printed Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> Extract for Dental ApplicationsMagdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska0Ioanna Koumentakou1Maria Lazaridou2Dimitrios Bikiaris3Andrzej Miklaszewski4Tomasz Plech5Judyta Cielecka-Piontek6Department of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, PolandLaboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, GreeceFaculty of Mechanical Engineering and Management, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 61-138 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-080 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pharmacognosy and Biomaterials, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, PolandThe plant material <i>Scutellariae baicalensis radix</i>, which is rich in flavones (baicalin), possesses antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to develop a 3D-printed chitosan-based hydrogel rich in <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> extract as an innovative approach for the personalized treatment of periodontal diseases. Chitosan-based hydrogels were prepared, and the printability of the prepared hydrogels was determined. The hydrogel with 2.5% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> of high molecular-weight chitosan (CS), 2% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i> gelatin (Gel), and 10% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> of extract (Ex) presented the best printability, producing smooth and uniform scaffolds. It was proved that the CS/Gel/Ex hydrogel was stabilized by hydrogen bonds and remained in amorphous dispersion in the 3D-printed structures (confirmed by ATR-FTIR and XRPD). Due to the amorphization of the active substance, a significant increase in the release of baicalin in vitro was observed. It was demonstrated that there was an initial burst release and a continuous release profile (<i>n</i> = 3). Higuchi kinetic was the most likely baicalin release kinetic. The second fit, the Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics model, showed coupled diffusion of the active ingredient in the hydrated matrix and polymer relaxation regulated release, with n values ranging from 0.45 to 0.89. The anti-inflammatory properties of 3D-printed scaffolds were assessed as the ability to inhibit the activity of the hyaluronidase enzyme. Activity was assessed as IC<sub>50</sub> = 63.57 ± 4.98 mg hydrogel/mL (<i>n</i> = 6). Cytotoxicity tests demonstrated the biocompatibility of the material. After 24 h of exposure to the 2.5CS/2Gel/10Ex scaffold, fibroblasts migrated toward the scratch, closed the “wound” by 97.1%, and significantly accelerated the wound healing process. The results render the 3D-printed CS/Gel/extract scaffolds as potential candidates for treating periodontal diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/3/3593D printingchitosangelatin<i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> extract |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Paczkowska-Walendowska Ioanna Koumentakou Maria Lazaridou Dimitrios Bikiaris Andrzej Miklaszewski Tomasz Plech Judyta Cielecka-Piontek 3D-Printed Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> Extract for Dental Applications Pharmaceutics 3D printing chitosan gelatin <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> extract |
| title | 3D-Printed Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> Extract for Dental Applications |
| title_full | 3D-Printed Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> Extract for Dental Applications |
| title_fullStr | 3D-Printed Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> Extract for Dental Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | 3D-Printed Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> Extract for Dental Applications |
| title_short | 3D-Printed Chitosan-Based Scaffolds with <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> Extract for Dental Applications |
| title_sort | 3d printed chitosan based scaffolds with i scutellariae baicalensis i extract for dental applications |
| topic | 3D printing chitosan gelatin <i>Scutellariae baicalensis</i> extract |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/16/3/359 |
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