Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have emerged as a promising technology to monitor and explore the oceans instead of traditional undersea wireline instruments. Traditional routing protocols are inefficient for UWSNs due to the specific nature of the underwater environment. In contrast, Op...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3205 |
| _version_ | 1797535245388480512 |
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| author | Danfeng Zhao Guiyang Lun Rui Xue Yanbo Sun |
| author_facet | Danfeng Zhao Guiyang Lun Rui Xue Yanbo Sun |
| author_sort | Danfeng Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have emerged as a promising technology to monitor and explore the oceans instead of traditional undersea wireline instruments. Traditional routing protocols are inefficient for UWSNs due to the specific nature of the underwater environment. In contrast, Opportunistic Routing (OR) protocols establish an online route for each transmission, which can well adapt with time-varying underwater channel. Cross-layer design is an effective approach to combine the metrics from different layers to optimize an OR routing in UWSNs. However, typical cross-layer OR routing protocols that are designed for UWSNs suffer from congestion problem at high traffic loads. In this paper, a Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing Protocol (CLOR) is proposed to reduce the congestion in multi-hop sparse UWSNs. The CLOR consists of a negotiation phase and transmission phase. In the negotiation phase, the cross-layer information in fuzzy logic is utilized to attain an optimal forwarder node. In the transmission phase, to improve the transmission performance, a burst transmission strategy with network coding is exploited. Finally, we perform simulations of the proposed CLOR protocol in a specific sea region. Simulation results show that CLOR significantly improves the network performances at various traffic rates compared to existing protocols. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:41:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d55626a2e57746959bbb6fd29393c822 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T11:41:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d55626a2e57746959bbb6fd29393c8222023-11-21T18:26:15ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-05-01219320510.3390/s21093205Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor NetworksDanfeng Zhao0Guiyang Lun1Rui Xue2Yanbo Sun3College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaCollege of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, ChinaSouthwest China Institute of Electronic Technology, Chengdu 610036, ChinaUnderwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have emerged as a promising technology to monitor and explore the oceans instead of traditional undersea wireline instruments. Traditional routing protocols are inefficient for UWSNs due to the specific nature of the underwater environment. In contrast, Opportunistic Routing (OR) protocols establish an online route for each transmission, which can well adapt with time-varying underwater channel. Cross-layer design is an effective approach to combine the metrics from different layers to optimize an OR routing in UWSNs. However, typical cross-layer OR routing protocols that are designed for UWSNs suffer from congestion problem at high traffic loads. In this paper, a Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing Protocol (CLOR) is proposed to reduce the congestion in multi-hop sparse UWSNs. The CLOR consists of a negotiation phase and transmission phase. In the negotiation phase, the cross-layer information in fuzzy logic is utilized to attain an optimal forwarder node. In the transmission phase, to improve the transmission performance, a burst transmission strategy with network coding is exploited. Finally, we perform simulations of the proposed CLOR protocol in a specific sea region. Simulation results show that CLOR significantly improves the network performances at various traffic rates compared to existing protocols.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3205underwater wireless sensor networkscross-layer routingopportunistic routingfuzzy logicnetwork coding |
| spellingShingle | Danfeng Zhao Guiyang Lun Rui Xue Yanbo Sun Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Sensors underwater wireless sensor networks cross-layer routing opportunistic routing fuzzy logic network coding |
| title | Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full | Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_fullStr | Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_short | Cross-Layer-Aided Opportunistic Routing for Sparse Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks |
| title_sort | cross layer aided opportunistic routing for sparse underwater wireless sensor networks |
| topic | underwater wireless sensor networks cross-layer routing opportunistic routing fuzzy logic network coding |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/9/3205 |
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