Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance
Dysregulation of pH in solid tumors is a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, the role of altered pH heterogeneity in space, between benign and aggressive tissues, between individual cancer cells, and between subcellular compartments, has been steadily elucidated. Changes in temporal pH-related proc...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/7/1026 |
| _version_ | 1797766338576384000 |
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| author | David E. Korenchan Robert R. Flavell |
| author_facet | David E. Korenchan Robert R. Flavell |
| author_sort | David E. Korenchan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dysregulation of pH in solid tumors is a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, the role of altered pH heterogeneity in space, between benign and aggressive tissues, between individual cancer cells, and between subcellular compartments, has been steadily elucidated. Changes in temporal pH-related processes on both fast and slow time scales, including altered kinetics of bicarbonate-CO<sub>2</sub> exchange and its effects on pH buffering and gradual, progressive changes driven by changes in metabolism, are further implicated in phenotypic changes observed in cancers. These discoveries have been driven by advances in imaging technologies. This review provides an overview of intra- and extracellular pH alterations in time and space reflected in cancer cells, as well as the available technology to study pH spatiotemporal heterogeneity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:23:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d55a71bc6f1945f88e13c2980f979a05 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T20:23:51Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-d55a71bc6f1945f88e13c2980f979a052023-08-02T00:45:32ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942019-07-01117102610.3390/cancers11071026cancers11071026Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic ResistanceDavid E. Korenchan0Robert R. Flavell1Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USADepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USADysregulation of pH in solid tumors is a hallmark of cancer. In recent years, the role of altered pH heterogeneity in space, between benign and aggressive tissues, between individual cancer cells, and between subcellular compartments, has been steadily elucidated. Changes in temporal pH-related processes on both fast and slow time scales, including altered kinetics of bicarbonate-CO<sub>2</sub> exchange and its effects on pH buffering and gradual, progressive changes driven by changes in metabolism, are further implicated in phenotypic changes observed in cancers. These discoveries have been driven by advances in imaging technologies. This review provides an overview of intra- and extracellular pH alterations in time and space reflected in cancer cells, as well as the available technology to study pH spatiotemporal heterogeneity.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/7/1026tumor microenvironmentinterstitial pHacidosistumor heterogeneitymagnetic resonance imaginghyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C MRIcarbonic anhydraselactic acidpositron emission tomography |
| spellingShingle | David E. Korenchan Robert R. Flavell Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance Cancers tumor microenvironment interstitial pH acidosis tumor heterogeneity magnetic resonance imaging hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C MRI carbonic anhydrase lactic acid positron emission tomography |
| title | Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal pH Heterogeneity as a Promoter of Cancer Progression and Therapeutic Resistance |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal ph heterogeneity as a promoter of cancer progression and therapeutic resistance |
| topic | tumor microenvironment interstitial pH acidosis tumor heterogeneity magnetic resonance imaging hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C MRI carbonic anhydrase lactic acid positron emission tomography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/11/7/1026 |
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