High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of asthenopia and its associated factors in a sample of university students in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Presence of at least one of the 10 symptoms—foreign body sensation, di...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Knowledge E
2019-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v14i4.5455 |
| _version_ | 1811332542629937152 |
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| author | Hassan Hashemi Mohammad Saatchi Abbasali Yekta Babak Ali Hadi Ostadimoghaddam Payam Nabovati Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim Mehdi Khabazkhoob |
| author_facet | Hassan Hashemi Mohammad Saatchi Abbasali Yekta Babak Ali Hadi Ostadimoghaddam Payam Nabovati Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim Mehdi Khabazkhoob |
| author_sort | Hassan Hashemi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose: To determine the prevalence of asthenopia and its associated factors in a sample of university students in Iran.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Presence of at least one of the 10 symptoms—foreign body sensation, diplopia, blurred vision, eye swelling, dry eye, eye pain, difficulty in sustaining visual operations, decreased visual acuity, tearing, and photophobia—was considered as asthenopia. Ocular examinations, including uncorrected/corrected visual acuity measurement, objective/subjective refraction, cover test, amplitude of accommodation (AA), and near point of convergence (NPC) were performed.
Results: Of the 1,462 students (mean age: 22.8
±
3.1 years), 73% were women. The age- and gender-standardized prevalence was 70.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.3–73.5), 39.8% (95% CI: 36.4–43.1), and 19.7% (95% CI: 16.0–23.3) based on the presence of at least one, two, and three symptoms, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher in females (P = 0.048), hyperopic students (P
<
0.001), and astigmatic participants (P
<
0.001). The mean AA and NPC were 9.7
±
2.6 D and 10.2
±
4.2 D (P = 0.008) and 7.0
±
2.1 cm and 7.7
±
3.9 cm (P
<
0.001) in participants with and without asthenopia, respectively. Multiple regression model revealed age (28–29 years), astigmatism, and NPC as independent associated factors (odds ratios: 3.51, 1.61, and 0.91, respectively).
Conclusion: This study shows relatively high prevalence of asthenopia in university students. Demographic factors and visual system disorders are important risk factors and timely correction of conditions may lead to decreased asthenopia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:38:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5676d8a69aa4e179e2731b532166dca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2008-322X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T16:38:31Z |
| publishDate | 2019-10-01 |
| publisher | Knowledge E |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5676d8a69aa4e179e2731b532166dca2022-12-22T02:39:21ZengKnowledge EJournal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research2008-322X2019-10-011447448210.18502/jovr.v14i4.5455jovr.v14i4.5455High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University StudentsHassan Hashemi0Mohammad Saatchi1Abbasali Yekta2Babak Ali3Hadi Ostadimoghaddam4Payam Nabovati5Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim6Mehdi Khabazkhoob7 Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Management, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPurpose: To determine the prevalence of asthenopia and its associated factors in a sample of university students in Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, participants were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Presence of at least one of the 10 symptoms—foreign body sensation, diplopia, blurred vision, eye swelling, dry eye, eye pain, difficulty in sustaining visual operations, decreased visual acuity, tearing, and photophobia—was considered as asthenopia. Ocular examinations, including uncorrected/corrected visual acuity measurement, objective/subjective refraction, cover test, amplitude of accommodation (AA), and near point of convergence (NPC) were performed. Results: Of the 1,462 students (mean age: 22.8 ± 3.1 years), 73% were women. The age- and gender-standardized prevalence was 70.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.3–73.5), 39.8% (95% CI: 36.4–43.1), and 19.7% (95% CI: 16.0–23.3) based on the presence of at least one, two, and three symptoms, respectively. The prevalence was significantly higher in females (P = 0.048), hyperopic students (P < 0.001), and astigmatic participants (P < 0.001). The mean AA and NPC were 9.7 ± 2.6 D and 10.2 ± 4.2 D (P = 0.008) and 7.0 ± 2.1 cm and 7.7 ± 3.9 cm (P < 0.001) in participants with and without asthenopia, respectively. Multiple regression model revealed age (28–29 years), astigmatism, and NPC as independent associated factors (odds ratios: 3.51, 1.61, and 0.91, respectively). Conclusion: This study shows relatively high prevalence of asthenopia in university students. Demographic factors and visual system disorders are important risk factors and timely correction of conditions may lead to decreased asthenopia.https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v14i4.5455AsthenopiaAstigmatismPhotophobiaPrevalence |
| spellingShingle | Hassan Hashemi Mohammad Saatchi Abbasali Yekta Babak Ali Hadi Ostadimoghaddam Payam Nabovati Mohamadreza Aghamirsalim Mehdi Khabazkhoob High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research Asthenopia Astigmatism Photophobia Prevalence |
| title | High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students |
| title_full | High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students |
| title_fullStr | High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students |
| title_full_unstemmed | High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students |
| title_short | High Prevalence of Asthenopia among a Population of University Students |
| title_sort | high prevalence of asthenopia among a population of university students |
| topic | Asthenopia Astigmatism Photophobia Prevalence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.18502/jovr.v14i4.5455 |
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