Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in <i>Rana berlandieri</i> Tadpoles
The gut microbiome is important for digestion, host fitness, and defense against pathogens, which provides a tool for host health assessment. Amphibians and their microbiomes are highly susceptible to pollutants including antibiotics. We explored the role of an unmanipulated gut microbiome on tadpol...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/9/1171 |
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| author | Melissa Villatoro-Castañeda Zachery R. Forsburg Whitney Ortiz Sarah R. Fritts Caitlin R. Gabor Camila Carlos-Shanley |
| author_facet | Melissa Villatoro-Castañeda Zachery R. Forsburg Whitney Ortiz Sarah R. Fritts Caitlin R. Gabor Camila Carlos-Shanley |
| author_sort | Melissa Villatoro-Castañeda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gut microbiome is important for digestion, host fitness, and defense against pathogens, which provides a tool for host health assessment. Amphibians and their microbiomes are highly susceptible to pollutants including antibiotics. We explored the role of an unmanipulated gut microbiome on tadpole fitness and phenotype by comparing tadpoles of <i>Rana berlandieri</i> in a control group (1) with tadpoles exposed to: (2) Roundup<sup>®</sup> (glyphosate active ingredient), (3) antibiotic cocktail (enrofloxacin, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and penicillin), and (4) a combination of Roundup and antibiotics. Tadpoles in the antibiotic and combination treatments had the smallest dorsal body area and were the least active compared to control and Roundup-exposed tadpoles, which were less active than control tadpoles. The gut microbial community significantly changed across treatments at the alpha, beta, and core bacterial levels. However, we did not find significant differences between the antibiotic- and combination-exposed tadpoles, suggesting that antibiotic alone was enough to suppress growth, change behavior, and alter the gut microbiome composition. Here, we demonstrate that the gut microbial communities of tadpoles are sensitive to environmental pollutants, namely Roundup and antibiotics, which may have consequences for host phenotype and fitness via altered behavior and growth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:01:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d56ecbdad02e4fb8ae267cb7b5680419 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:01:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d56ecbdad02e4fb8ae267cb7b56804192023-11-19T09:38:02ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-08-01129117110.3390/biology12091171Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in <i>Rana berlandieri</i> TadpolesMelissa Villatoro-Castañeda0Zachery R. Forsburg1Whitney Ortiz2Sarah R. Fritts3Caitlin R. Gabor4Camila Carlos-Shanley5Department of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USADepartment of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USADepartment of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USADepartment of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USADepartment of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USADepartment of Biology, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX 78666, USAThe gut microbiome is important for digestion, host fitness, and defense against pathogens, which provides a tool for host health assessment. Amphibians and their microbiomes are highly susceptible to pollutants including antibiotics. We explored the role of an unmanipulated gut microbiome on tadpole fitness and phenotype by comparing tadpoles of <i>Rana berlandieri</i> in a control group (1) with tadpoles exposed to: (2) Roundup<sup>®</sup> (glyphosate active ingredient), (3) antibiotic cocktail (enrofloxacin, sulfamethazine, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and penicillin), and (4) a combination of Roundup and antibiotics. Tadpoles in the antibiotic and combination treatments had the smallest dorsal body area and were the least active compared to control and Roundup-exposed tadpoles, which were less active than control tadpoles. The gut microbial community significantly changed across treatments at the alpha, beta, and core bacterial levels. However, we did not find significant differences between the antibiotic- and combination-exposed tadpoles, suggesting that antibiotic alone was enough to suppress growth, change behavior, and alter the gut microbiome composition. Here, we demonstrate that the gut microbial communities of tadpoles are sensitive to environmental pollutants, namely Roundup and antibiotics, which may have consequences for host phenotype and fitness via altered behavior and growth.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/9/1171amphibiansbacteriagut microbiomepollutantstadpolesglyphosate |
| spellingShingle | Melissa Villatoro-Castañeda Zachery R. Forsburg Whitney Ortiz Sarah R. Fritts Caitlin R. Gabor Camila Carlos-Shanley Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in <i>Rana berlandieri</i> Tadpoles Biology amphibians bacteria gut microbiome pollutants tadpoles glyphosate |
| title | Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in <i>Rana berlandieri</i> Tadpoles |
| title_full | Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in <i>Rana berlandieri</i> Tadpoles |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in <i>Rana berlandieri</i> Tadpoles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in <i>Rana berlandieri</i> Tadpoles |
| title_short | Exposure to Roundup and Antibiotics Alters Gut Microbial Communities, Growth, and Behavior in <i>Rana berlandieri</i> Tadpoles |
| title_sort | exposure to roundup and antibiotics alters gut microbial communities growth and behavior in i rana berlandieri i tadpoles |
| topic | amphibians bacteria gut microbiome pollutants tadpoles glyphosate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/9/1171 |
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