IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings
The integrity, comfort, and energy demand of a building can be negatively affected by the presence of moisture in its walls. Therefore, it is essential to identify and characterise this building pathology with the most appropriate technologies to perform the required prevention and maintenance tasks...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6421 |
| _version_ | 1797548363194826752 |
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| author | Iván Garrido Mercedes Solla Susana Lagüela Norberto Fernández |
| author_facet | Iván Garrido Mercedes Solla Susana Lagüela Norberto Fernández |
| author_sort | Iván Garrido |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The integrity, comfort, and energy demand of a building can be negatively affected by the presence of moisture in its walls. Therefore, it is essential to identify and characterise this building pathology with the most appropriate technologies to perform the required prevention and maintenance tasks. This paper proposes the joint application of InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the detection and classification of moisture in interior walls of a building according to its severity level. The IRT method is based on the study of the temperature distribution of the thermal images acquired without an application of artificial thermal excitation for the detection of superficial moisture (less than 15 mm deep in plaster with passive IRT). Additionally, in order to characterise the level of moisture severity, the Evaporative Thermal Index (ETI) was obtained for each of the moisture areas. As for GPR, with measuring capacity from 10 mm up to 30 cm depth with a 2300 MHz antenna, several algorithms were developed based on the amplitude and spectrum of the received signals for the detection and classification of moisture through the inner layers of the wall. In this work, the complementarity of both methods has proven to be an effective approach to investigate both superficial and internal moisture and their severity. Specifically, IRT allowed estimating superficial water movement, whereas GPR allowed detecting points of internal water accumulation. Thus, through the combination of both techniques, it was possible to provide an interpretation of the water displacement from the exterior surface to the interior surface of the wall, and to give a relative depth of water inside the wall. Therefore, it was concluded that more information and greater reliability can be gained by using complementary IRT-GPR, showing the benefits of combining both techniques in the building sector. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:58:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d583292adf8546499ef3d7b19f69c300 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:58:18Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d583292adf8546499ef3d7b19f69c3002023-11-20T20:27:59ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-11-012022642110.3390/s20226421IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in BuildingsIván Garrido0Mercedes Solla1Susana Lagüela2Norberto Fernández3GeoTECH Group, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainGeoTECH Group, CINTECX, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, SpainDepartment of Cartographic and Terrain Engineering, University of Salamanca, Calle Hornos Caleros, 50, 05003 Ávila, SpainDefense University Center, Spanish Naval Academy, Plaza de España s/n, 36900 Marín, SpainThe integrity, comfort, and energy demand of a building can be negatively affected by the presence of moisture in its walls. Therefore, it is essential to identify and characterise this building pathology with the most appropriate technologies to perform the required prevention and maintenance tasks. This paper proposes the joint application of InfraRed Thermography (IRT) and Ground-Penetrating Radar (GPR) for the detection and classification of moisture in interior walls of a building according to its severity level. The IRT method is based on the study of the temperature distribution of the thermal images acquired without an application of artificial thermal excitation for the detection of superficial moisture (less than 15 mm deep in plaster with passive IRT). Additionally, in order to characterise the level of moisture severity, the Evaporative Thermal Index (ETI) was obtained for each of the moisture areas. As for GPR, with measuring capacity from 10 mm up to 30 cm depth with a 2300 MHz antenna, several algorithms were developed based on the amplitude and spectrum of the received signals for the detection and classification of moisture through the inner layers of the wall. In this work, the complementarity of both methods has proven to be an effective approach to investigate both superficial and internal moisture and their severity. Specifically, IRT allowed estimating superficial water movement, whereas GPR allowed detecting points of internal water accumulation. Thus, through the combination of both techniques, it was possible to provide an interpretation of the water displacement from the exterior surface to the interior surface of the wall, and to give a relative depth of water inside the wall. Therefore, it was concluded that more information and greater reliability can be gained by using complementary IRT-GPR, showing the benefits of combining both techniques in the building sector.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6421infrared thermographyground-penetrating radarcomplementaritymoisture severity classificationbuilding indoors |
| spellingShingle | Iván Garrido Mercedes Solla Susana Lagüela Norberto Fernández IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings Sensors infrared thermography ground-penetrating radar complementarity moisture severity classification building indoors |
| title | IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings |
| title_full | IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings |
| title_fullStr | IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings |
| title_full_unstemmed | IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings |
| title_short | IRT and GPR Techniques for Moisture Detection and Characterisation in Buildings |
| title_sort | irt and gpr techniques for moisture detection and characterisation in buildings |
| topic | infrared thermography ground-penetrating radar complementarity moisture severity classification building indoors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/22/6421 |
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