Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score
Addiction is characterized by drug-craving, compulsive drug-taking, and relapse, and results from the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. Reward pathways play an important role in mediating drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors, and relapse. The objective of this study w...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-04-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/4/259 |
| _version_ | 1797539292739796992 |
|---|---|
| author | Chieh-Liang Huang Ping-Ho Chen Hsien-Yuan Lane Ing-Kang Ho Chia-Min Chung |
| author_facet | Chieh-Liang Huang Ping-Ho Chen Hsien-Yuan Lane Ing-Kang Ho Chia-Min Chung |
| author_sort | Chieh-Liang Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Addiction is characterized by drug-craving, compulsive drug-taking, and relapse, and results from the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. Reward pathways play an important role in mediating drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors, and relapse. The objective of this study was to identify heroin addicts who carry specific genetic variants in their dopaminergic reward systems. A total of 326 heroin-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) were recruited from the Addiction Center of the China Medical University Hospital. A heroin-use and craving questionnaire was used to evaluate the urge for heroin, the daily or weekly frequency of heroin usage, daily life disturbance, anxiety, and the ability to overcome heroin use. A general linear regression model was used to assess the associations of genetic polymorphisms in one’s dopaminergic reward system with heroin-use and craving scores. Results: The most significant results were obtained for rs2240158 in <i>GRIN3B</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.021), rs3983721 in <i>GRIN3A</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.00326), rs2129575 in <i>TPH2</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.033), rs6583954 in <i>CYP2C19</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.033), and rs174699 in <i>COMT</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.036). These were all associated with heroin-using and craving scores with and without adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index. We combined five variants, and the ensuing dose-response effect indicated that heroin-craving scores increased with the numbers of risk alleles (<i>p</i> for trend = 0.0008). These findings will likely help us to understand the genetic mechanism of craving, which will help in predicting the risk of relapse in clinical practice and the potential for therapies to target craving in heroin addiction. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:42:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d58ee60a71324dfeb72623a44a4e8ae1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4426 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:42:57Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Personalized Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-d58ee60a71324dfeb72623a44a4e8ae12023-11-21T13:45:15ZengMDPI AGJournal of Personalized Medicine2075-44262021-04-0111425910.3390/jpm11040259Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk ScoreChieh-Liang Huang0Ping-Ho Chen1Hsien-Yuan Lane2Ing-Kang Ho3Chia-Min Chung4Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nan-Tou County 54249, TaiwanSchool of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, TaiwanDepartment of Psychiatry & Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, TaiwanPh.D. Program for Aging, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, TaiwanGraduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, TaiwanAddiction is characterized by drug-craving, compulsive drug-taking, and relapse, and results from the interaction between multiple genetic and environmental factors. Reward pathways play an important role in mediating drug-seeking and drug-taking behaviors, and relapse. The objective of this study was to identify heroin addicts who carry specific genetic variants in their dopaminergic reward systems. A total of 326 heroin-dependent patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) were recruited from the Addiction Center of the China Medical University Hospital. A heroin-use and craving questionnaire was used to evaluate the urge for heroin, the daily or weekly frequency of heroin usage, daily life disturbance, anxiety, and the ability to overcome heroin use. A general linear regression model was used to assess the associations of genetic polymorphisms in one’s dopaminergic reward system with heroin-use and craving scores. Results: The most significant results were obtained for rs2240158 in <i>GRIN3B</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.021), rs3983721 in <i>GRIN3A</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.00326), rs2129575 in <i>TPH2</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.033), rs6583954 in <i>CYP2C19</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.033), and rs174699 in <i>COMT</i> (<i>p</i> = 0.036). These were all associated with heroin-using and craving scores with and without adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index. We combined five variants, and the ensuing dose-response effect indicated that heroin-craving scores increased with the numbers of risk alleles (<i>p</i> for trend = 0.0008). These findings will likely help us to understand the genetic mechanism of craving, which will help in predicting the risk of relapse in clinical practice and the potential for therapies to target craving in heroin addiction.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/4/259genetic biomarkeraddictioncravingheroin |
| spellingShingle | Chieh-Liang Huang Ping-Ho Chen Hsien-Yuan Lane Ing-Kang Ho Chia-Min Chung Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score Journal of Personalized Medicine genetic biomarker addiction craving heroin |
| title | Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score |
| title_full | Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score |
| title_fullStr | Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score |
| title_short | Risk Assessment for Heroin Use and Craving Score Using Polygenic Risk Score |
| title_sort | risk assessment for heroin use and craving score using polygenic risk score |
| topic | genetic biomarker addiction craving heroin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4426/11/4/259 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chiehlianghuang riskassessmentforheroinuseandcravingscoreusingpolygenicriskscore AT pinghochen riskassessmentforheroinuseandcravingscoreusingpolygenicriskscore AT hsienyuanlane riskassessmentforheroinuseandcravingscoreusingpolygenicriskscore AT ingkangho riskassessmentforheroinuseandcravingscoreusingpolygenicriskscore AT chiaminchung riskassessmentforheroinuseandcravingscoreusingpolygenicriskscore |