Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of <i>Artemisia</i> Species Grown in Saudia Arabia
<i>Artemisia</i> species are very important medicinal plants, particularly in the Middle East and in developing countries. Their products have been used in traditional and medicine contemporary for the treating of infectious ulcers, gangrenous ulcers, inflammations, and malaria. Artemisi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/443 |
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| author | Abdalrhaman M. Salih Ahmed A. Qahtan Fahad Al-Qurainy |
| author_facet | Abdalrhaman M. Salih Ahmed A. Qahtan Fahad Al-Qurainy |
| author_sort | Abdalrhaman M. Salih |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Artemisia</i> species are very important medicinal plants, particularly in the Middle East and in developing countries. Their products have been used in traditional and medicine contemporary for the treating of infectious ulcers, gangrenous ulcers, inflammations, and malaria. Artemisinin derived from <i>Artemisia</i> species has been used as a drug in many countries for malaria disease treatment. Hence, this study aimed to identify and evaluate the bioactive compounds of three species of <i>Artemisia</i> (<i>Artemisia judaica</i>, <i>Artemisia monosperma</i>, and <i>Artemisia sieberi</i>) growing in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, several analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with reference standards, were used. The GC-MS analysis of the <i>artemisia</i> species revealed many bioactive constituents associated with plant secondary metabolites; some of these identified phytochemical components have biological activity. <i>A. Judaica</i> showed the highest number of bioactive compounds, followed by <i>A. sieberi</i> and <i>A. monosperma</i>. Further, the total phenol, total flavonoid, total tannin, terpenoids, and TCA were estimated. Furthermore, biomolecules such gallic acid, tannin acid, quercetin, and artemisinin in different artemisia species were quantified using HPLC with the reference standard. The amount of artemisinin in the leaf extract of these species (<i>A. sieberi</i>, <i>A. Judaica</i>, and <i>A. monosperma)</i> was found to be about 3.01, 2.5, and 1.9 mg/g DW, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the samples was estimated. The obtained results have shown that these species possessed high antioxidant activity, and the scavenging of the DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide were found to be raised with the increase in the plant extract concentration. This reflects the number of bioactive compounds in these species. The findings of this research support and justify the utilization of <i>Artemisia</i> species in folk medicine in the Middle East. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:11:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5a38195852d449ab1a7c933120b9916 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:11:43Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5a38195852d449ab1a7c933120b99162023-11-17T12:37:33ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-03-0113344310.3390/metabo13030443Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of <i>Artemisia</i> Species Grown in Saudia ArabiaAbdalrhaman M. Salih0Ahmed A. Qahtan1Fahad Al-Qurainy2Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBotany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia<i>Artemisia</i> species are very important medicinal plants, particularly in the Middle East and in developing countries. Their products have been used in traditional and medicine contemporary for the treating of infectious ulcers, gangrenous ulcers, inflammations, and malaria. Artemisinin derived from <i>Artemisia</i> species has been used as a drug in many countries for malaria disease treatment. Hence, this study aimed to identify and evaluate the bioactive compounds of three species of <i>Artemisia</i> (<i>Artemisia judaica</i>, <i>Artemisia monosperma</i>, and <i>Artemisia sieberi</i>) growing in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, several analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), with reference standards, were used. The GC-MS analysis of the <i>artemisia</i> species revealed many bioactive constituents associated with plant secondary metabolites; some of these identified phytochemical components have biological activity. <i>A. Judaica</i> showed the highest number of bioactive compounds, followed by <i>A. sieberi</i> and <i>A. monosperma</i>. Further, the total phenol, total flavonoid, total tannin, terpenoids, and TCA were estimated. Furthermore, biomolecules such gallic acid, tannin acid, quercetin, and artemisinin in different artemisia species were quantified using HPLC with the reference standard. The amount of artemisinin in the leaf extract of these species (<i>A. sieberi</i>, <i>A. Judaica</i>, and <i>A. monosperma)</i> was found to be about 3.01, 2.5, and 1.9 mg/g DW, respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the samples was estimated. The obtained results have shown that these species possessed high antioxidant activity, and the scavenging of the DPPH radical and hydrogen peroxide were found to be raised with the increase in the plant extract concentration. This reflects the number of bioactive compounds in these species. The findings of this research support and justify the utilization of <i>Artemisia</i> species in folk medicine in the Middle East.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/443artemisininchromatographical analysisDPPH<i>Artemisia</i> species |
| spellingShingle | Abdalrhaman M. Salih Ahmed A. Qahtan Fahad Al-Qurainy Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of <i>Artemisia</i> Species Grown in Saudia Arabia Metabolites artemisinin chromatographical analysis DPPH <i>Artemisia</i> species |
| title | Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of <i>Artemisia</i> Species Grown in Saudia Arabia |
| title_full | Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of <i>Artemisia</i> Species Grown in Saudia Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of <i>Artemisia</i> Species Grown in Saudia Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of <i>Artemisia</i> Species Grown in Saudia Arabia |
| title_short | Phytochemicals Identification and Bioactive Compounds Estimation of <i>Artemisia</i> Species Grown in Saudia Arabia |
| title_sort | phytochemicals identification and bioactive compounds estimation of i artemisia i species grown in saudia arabia |
| topic | artemisinin chromatographical analysis DPPH <i>Artemisia</i> species |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/443 |
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