Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition
Adiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and the shifting of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue expansi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1056 |
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| author | Kelsey Hu Elizabeth Deya Edelen Wenqing Zhuo Aliya Khan Josselyne Orbegoso Lindsey Greenfield Berna Rahi Michael Griffin Jasminka Z. Ilich Owen J. Kelly |
| author_facet | Kelsey Hu Elizabeth Deya Edelen Wenqing Zhuo Aliya Khan Josselyne Orbegoso Lindsey Greenfield Berna Rahi Michael Griffin Jasminka Z. Ilich Owen J. Kelly |
| author_sort | Kelsey Hu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Adiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and the shifting of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue expansion, inflammatory adipokines, and adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are central to the development of osteopenic adiposity. Adipose tissue infiltration and local adipogenesis within the muscle are critical in developing sarcopenic adiposity and subsequent poorer functional outcomes. Ultimately, osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome is the result of all the processes noted above: fat infiltration and adipocyte expansion and redistribution within the bone, muscle, and adipose tissues, resulting in bone loss, muscle mass/strength loss, deteriorated adipose tissue, and subsequent functional decline. Increased fat tissue, typically referred to as obesity and expressed by body mass index (the latter often used inadequately), is now occurring in younger age groups, suggesting people will live longer with the negative effects of adiposity. This review discusses the role of adiposity in the deterioration of bone and muscle, as well as adipose tissue itself. It reveals how considering and including adiposity in the definition and diagnosis of osteopenic adiposity, sarcopenic adiposity, and osteosarcopenic adiposity will help in better understanding the pathophysiology of each and accelerate possible therapies and prevention approaches for both relatively healthy individuals or those with chronic disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:04:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d5a6832823a1420caa2f02843a7a0f9d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:04:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-d5a6832823a1420caa2f02843a7a0f9d2023-11-19T17:19:51ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-10-011310105610.3390/metabo13101056Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body CompositionKelsey Hu0Elizabeth Deya Edelen1Wenqing Zhuo2Aliya Khan3Josselyne Orbegoso4Lindsey Greenfield5Berna Rahi6Michael Griffin7Jasminka Z. Ilich8Owen J. Kelly9Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USADepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USADepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USADepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USADepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USADepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USADepartment of Human Sciences, Sam Houston State University College of Health Sciences, Huntsville, TX 77341, USADepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USAInstitute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USADepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USAAdiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and the shifting of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue expansion, inflammatory adipokines, and adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are central to the development of osteopenic adiposity. Adipose tissue infiltration and local adipogenesis within the muscle are critical in developing sarcopenic adiposity and subsequent poorer functional outcomes. Ultimately, osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome is the result of all the processes noted above: fat infiltration and adipocyte expansion and redistribution within the bone, muscle, and adipose tissues, resulting in bone loss, muscle mass/strength loss, deteriorated adipose tissue, and subsequent functional decline. Increased fat tissue, typically referred to as obesity and expressed by body mass index (the latter often used inadequately), is now occurring in younger age groups, suggesting people will live longer with the negative effects of adiposity. This review discusses the role of adiposity in the deterioration of bone and muscle, as well as adipose tissue itself. It reveals how considering and including adiposity in the definition and diagnosis of osteopenic adiposity, sarcopenic adiposity, and osteosarcopenic adiposity will help in better understanding the pathophysiology of each and accelerate possible therapies and prevention approaches for both relatively healthy individuals or those with chronic disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1056osteoporosissarcopeniaobesityadiposityfat infiltrationosteopenic adiposity |
| spellingShingle | Kelsey Hu Elizabeth Deya Edelen Wenqing Zhuo Aliya Khan Josselyne Orbegoso Lindsey Greenfield Berna Rahi Michael Griffin Jasminka Z. Ilich Owen J. Kelly Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition Metabolites osteoporosis sarcopenia obesity adiposity fat infiltration osteopenic adiposity |
| title | Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition |
| title_full | Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition |
| title_fullStr | Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition |
| title_short | Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition |
| title_sort | understanding the consequences of fatty bone and fatty muscle how the osteosarcopenic adiposity phenotype uncovers the deterioration of body composition |
| topic | osteoporosis sarcopenia obesity adiposity fat infiltration osteopenic adiposity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/10/1056 |
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